Question

b. cerebellum:
c. pituitary gland:

1. explain the role of neurotransmitters in communicating between neurons.
2. much learning comes from repetition. how does the development of connections in the brain explain why?
3. what role does myelin play in the timing of childrens learning?
4. choose one of the “rules to build a brain by.” explain what it means and give an example of how caregiver can help a child by putting this rule in practice.

Explanation:

1. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. When a neuron is activated, it releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft - the small gap between neurons. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the neighboring neuron, either exciting or inhibiting its activity, thus enabling communication between neurons.
2. Repetition strengthens neural connections. Each time a particular action or thought occurs, the neurons involved in that process are activated. With repeated activation, the synapses (connections) between these neurons become stronger, making it easier for the neural pathway to fire. This is why much learning, which involves the formation and strengthening of neural pathways for new knowledge and skills, comes from repetition.
3. Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers. In children, the process of myelination occurs over time. As nerve fibers become myelinated, electrical signals can travel faster along the neurons. This improved speed of neural - signal transmission is important for the development of more complex cognitive and motor skills. For example, as myelination progresses in the areas of the brain related to language processing, children are better able to learn and produce language more quickly.
4. One "rule to build a brain by" could be "serve and return interactions". This means that caregivers should respond to a child's actions, gestures, or vocalizations. For example, when a baby coos, the caregiver can coo back. This interaction helps the baby's brain build neural connections related to communication and social - emotional development as the baby learns that their actions can elicit responses from others.

Answer:

1. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that cross the synaptic cleft to bind to receptors on neighboring neurons, exciting or inhibiting their activity for neuron - to - neuron communication.
2. Repetition strengthens synapses between neurons involved in a particular process, facilitating the formation and strengthening of neural pathways for learning.
3. Myelin insulates nerve fibers, allowing electrical signals to travel faster. As myelination progresses in children, it aids in the development of cognitive and motor skills related to learning.
4. "Serve and return interactions": Caregivers respond to a child's actions. For example, when a baby coos, the caregiver coos back, helping build neural connections for communication and social - emotional development.