Question

click the blue text to correct the passage about energy transformations during the roller coaster ride. at the beginning of the ride, the motor converted electrical energy into kinetic energy. this caused the train to move out of the station and over the first hill. as the train went down the first hill, kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy. next, as the train went up the second hill, kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy. then, the train went down the second hill and moved back toward the station. finally, when the brakes squealed and heated up at the end of the ride, sound energy was converted into kinetic energy and thermal energy.

Explanation:

To correct the passage, we analyze each blue - texted energy transformation:

1. First sentence correction

• Original: "the motor converted electrical energy into kinetic energy"
• Explanation: The motor's function at the start is to lift the roller - coaster train to a height. So, electrical energy should be converted into gravitational potential energy (to give the train potential energy due to its height).

2. "As the train went down the first hill..." correction

• Original: "kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy"
• Explanation: When an object moves down a height, its gravitational potential energy (due to height) decreases and kinetic energy (due to motion) increases. So, gravitational potential energy should be converted into kinetic energy.

3. "Next, as the train went up the second hill..." correction

• Original: "kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy" - this part is actually correct. When moving up a hill, the train slows down (decrease in kinetic energy) and gains height (increase in gravitational potential energy). But let's check the next incorrect part.

4. "Finally, when the brakes squealed and heated up..." correction

• Original: "sound energy was converted into kinetic energy and thermal energy"
• Explanation: When brakes are applied, the kinetic energy of the moving train is used. The brakes heat up (thermal energy) and make a sound (sound energy). So, kinetic energy should be converted into sound energy and thermal energy.

Corrected Passage:

At the beginning of the ride, the motor converted electrical energy into $\boldsymbol{\text{gravitational potential energy}}$. This caused the train to move out of the station and over the first hill.

As the train went down the first hill, $\boldsymbol{\text{gravitational potential energy}}$ was converted into kinetic energy. Next, as the train went up the second hill, kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy. Then, the train went down the second hill and moved back toward the station.

Finally, when the brakes squealed and heated up at the end of the ride, $\boldsymbol{\text{kinetic energy}}$ was converted into sound energy and thermal energy.

Answer:

To correct the passage, we analyze each blue - texted energy transformation:

1. First sentence correction

• Original: "the motor converted electrical energy into kinetic energy"
• Explanation: The motor's function at the start is to lift the roller - coaster train to a height. So, electrical energy should be converted into gravitational potential energy (to give the train potential energy due to its height).

2. "As the train went down the first hill..." correction

• Original: "kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy"
• Explanation: When an object moves down a height, its gravitational potential energy (due to height) decreases and kinetic energy (due to motion) increases. So, gravitational potential energy should be converted into kinetic energy.

3. "Next, as the train went up the second hill..." correction

• Original: "kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy" - this part is actually correct. When moving up a hill, the train slows down (decrease in kinetic energy) and gains height (increase in gravitational potential energy). But let's check the next incorrect part.

4. "Finally, when the brakes squealed and heated up..." correction

• Original: "sound energy was converted into kinetic energy and thermal energy"
• Explanation: When brakes are applied, the kinetic energy of the moving train is used. The brakes heat up (thermal energy) and make a sound (sound energy). So, kinetic energy should be converted into sound energy and thermal energy.

Corrected Passage:

At the beginning of the ride, the motor converted electrical energy into $\boldsymbol{\text{gravitational potential energy}}$. This caused the train to move out of the station and over the first hill.

As the train went down the first hill, $\boldsymbol{\text{gravitational potential energy}}$ was converted into kinetic energy. Next, as the train went up the second hill, kinetic energy was converted into gravitational potential energy. Then, the train went down the second hill and moved back toward the station.

Finally, when the brakes squealed and heated up at the end of the ride, $\boldsymbol{\text{kinetic energy}}$ was converted into sound energy and thermal energy.