Question

determine whether each pair of chemicals could be separated by an acid or base extraction.

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze first - pair

Toluene ($C_6H_5CH_3$) is non - polar and aniline ($C_6H_5NH_2$) is basic. Aniline can react with an acid to form a water - soluble salt. So, they can be separated by an acid extraction.

Step2: Analyze second - pair

Both benzoic acid ($C_6H_5COOH$) and 2 - phenylacetic acid ($C_6H_5CH_2COOH$) are carboxylic acids. They both react with bases in a similar way. So, they cannot be separated by acid or base extraction.

Step3: Analyze third - pair

Toluene ($C_6H_5CH_3$) is non - polar and benzaldehyde ($C_6H_5CHO$) is a neutral compound. Neither of them has acidic or basic properties that would allow separation by acid or base extraction. So, they cannot be separated by acid or base extraction.

Answer:

1. Can be separated by an acid extraction
2. Cannot be separated by acid or base extraction
3. Cannot be separated by acid or base extraction