Question

exercises
the solutions to all exercises numbered in red are found in the solutions appendix, starting on page s - 1.
building concepts and skills

1. how do we define \statistics\?
2. name the four steps in the statistical problem - solving process.
3. true/false: an individual is a person described in a set of data.
4. identify the two types of variables.
5. give one example of each type of variable.
6. true/false: any variable that takes number values is a quantitative variable.
7. the distribution of a variable tells us what ____ the variable takes and ____ it takes these values.
8. explain the difference between a frequency table and a relative frequency table.

mastering concepts and skills

1. box - office smash as of january 2020, avengers: endgame is the top - earning movie based on box - office receipts worldwide. the table displays data on several popular movies. identify the individuals and variables in this data set. classify each variable as categorical or quantitative.

Explanation:

1. Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing data to draw conclusions and make decisions.
2. The four - step statistical problem - solving process: Formulate the problem, Collect data, Analyze data, Draw conclusions.
3. False. An individual can be a person, an animal, or an object described in a set of data.
4. The two types of variables are categorical and quantitative variables.
5. Categorical variable example: Color of a car (e.g., red, blue). Quantitative variable example: Height of a person (e.g., 175 cm).
6. False. A variable that takes number values but is used for identification (like a phone number) is not a quantitative variable in the statistical sense.
7. The distribution of a variable tells us what values the variable takes and how often it takes these values.
8. A frequency table shows the number of times each value or category occurs. A relative frequency table shows the proportion or percentage of times each value or category occurs.
9. Individuals are the movies listed (e.g., Avengers: Endgame, Avatar). Variables would depend on what data is in the table. If the table has movie names, it's a categorical variable. If it has box - office receipts amounts, it's a quantitative variable.

Answer:

1. Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing data to draw conclusions and make decisions.
2. Formulate the problem, Collect data, Analyze data, Draw conclusions.
3. False
4. Categorical and quantitative variables
5. Categorical: Color of a car; Quantitative: Height of a person
6. False
7. values; how often
8. A frequency table shows counts, a relative frequency table shows proportions or percentages.
9. Individuals are movies. Variable type depends on the data in the table (categorical for movie names, quantitative for box - office amounts etc.)