Question

in a galvanic/voltaic cell, how do the electrons flow? the electrons travel across the tube that connected the beakers. the electrons go through the voltmeter from the black wire side to the red wire side. the electrons jump from the beaker with the black wire to the beaker with the red wire. the electrons jump from the beaker with the red wire to the beaker with the black wire.

Explanation:

In a galvanic cell, electrons flow from the anode (negative electrode, often connected to the black wire) to the cathode (positive electrode, often connected to the red wire) through the external circuit (like the voltmeter). The salt bridge (tube connecting beakers) allows ion flow, not electron flow. So electrons move from the black - wire - connected beaker (anode) to the red - wire - connected beaker (cathode) through the voltmeter (external circuit), from black wire side to red wire side.

Answer:

The electrons go through the voltmeter from the black wire side to the red wire side.