Question

1. how are fossil fuels created? 2. soil is transformed over time into peat and then into coal. 3. describe at least two ways that carbon enters the atmosphere. 4. how are the oceans involved in the carbon cycle?

Explanation:

1. Fossil fuels are created from the remains of ancient plants and animals. These organisms died and were buried under sediment. Over long - periods of time, heat and pressure transformed them into fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.
2. Soil is transformed into peat and then coal through a process of accumulation and decomposition of organic matter. In water - logged environments, plants die and accumulate. With time and pressure, the organic material in the soil is compressed and transformed first into peat (less compressed) and then into coal (more compressed).
3. Carbon enters the atmosphere through processes such as respiration by living organisms (animals exhale carbon - dioxide), the burning of fossil fuels (releases carbon - dioxide stored in the fuels), and volcanic eruptions (releases carbon - containing gases).
4. The oceans are involved in the carbon cycle in two main ways. First, they absorb carbon - dioxide from the atmosphere through a process called gas exchange at the air - sea interface. Phytoplankton in the ocean also use carbon - dioxide during photosynthesis. Second, when marine organisms die, their remains sink to the ocean floor, taking carbon with them and storing it in the deep - sea sediments.

Answer:

1. Fossil fuels are created from the remains of ancient plants and animals that were buried and transformed by heat and pressure over long periods.
2. Soil is transformed into peat and then coal as organic matter accumulates in water - logged conditions and is compressed over time.
3. Carbon enters the atmosphere through respiration, fossil - fuel burning, and volcanic eruptions.
4. The oceans absorb carbon - dioxide from the atmosphere and store carbon in deep - sea sediments from sinking marine organisms.