Question

how do ice and water on the ground affect incoming solar radiation?
○ they filter 22 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
○ they reflect 4 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
○ they absorb 100 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
○ they scatter 5 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.

Explanation:

Ice has a very high albedo (reflectivity), reflecting 80-90% of incoming solar radiation, while water reflects only 4-10% under most conditions. None of the given options align with these established values for the combined or individual behavior of ice and water regarding solar radiation.

Answer:

None of the provided options are accurate. The correct context is that fresh snow/ice reflects ~80-90% of incoming solar radiation (albedo effect), while water reflects ~4-10% depending on conditions, but none of the options match this correctly.