Question

hydroxyapatite is composed of calcium ions (ca²⁺), phosphate ions (po₄³⁻), and hydroxide ions (oh⁻) bonded together. for each pair of atoms or ions, identify whether they are covalently or ionically bonded in hydroxyapatite. pair of atoms/ions type of bond ca²⁺ and po₄³⁻ p and o o and h po₄³⁻ and oh⁻ ca²⁺ and oh⁻ show periodic table

Explanation:

Step1: Recall bond - type rules

Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non - metal, and covalent bonds form between non - metals.

Step2: Analyze $Ca^{2 + }$ and $PO_{4}^{3 - }$

Calcium ($Ca$) is a metal and $PO_{4}^{3 - }$ is a poly - atomic non - metal ion. So, they form an ionic bond.

Step3: Analyze $P$ and $O$

Both phosphorus ($P$) and oxygen ($O$) are non - metals. They form covalent bonds within the $PO_{4}^{3 - }$ ion.

Step4: Analyze $O$ and $H$

Oxygen ($O$) and hydrogen ($H$) are non - metals. They form covalent bonds within the $OH^-$ ion.

Step5: Analyze $PO_{4}^{3 - }$ and $OH^-$

Both $PO_{4}^{3 - }$ and $OH^-$ are poly - atomic non - metal ions. They are held together by ionic - like forces in the crystal lattice, but the main interaction between them is through the overall charge distribution in the structure, which is more accurately described as an ionic - type interaction in the context of the compound's structure.

Step6: Analyze $Ca^{2 + }$ and $OH^-$

Calcium ($Ca$) is a metal and $OH^-$ is a non - metal ion. So, they form an ionic bond.

Answer:

$Ca^{2 + }$ and $PO_{4}^{3 - }$: Ionic
$P$ and $O$: Covalent
$O$ and $H$: Covalent
$PO_{4}^{3 - }$ and $OH^-$: Ionic
$Ca^{2 + }$ and $OH^-$: Ionic