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Question
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list these electron subshells in order of increasing energy.
6s, 5p, 4f, 6p
note for advanced students: you may assume these subshells are all in an atom with many electrons, not a hydrogen atom.
your answer
Step1: Recall the (n + l) rule
The energy of an electron sub - shell is determined by the sum of the principal quantum number (n) and the angular momentum quantum number (l). For s sub - shell, l = 0; for p sub - shell, l = 1; for f sub - shell, l = 3.
Step2: Calculate (n + l) for each sub - shell
For 6s: n = 6, l = 0, so n + l=6 + 0 = 6.
For 5p: n = 5, l = 1, so n + l=5 + 1 = 6.
For 4f: n = 4, l = 3, so n + l=4 + 3 = 7.
For 6p: n = 6, l = 1, so n + l=6 + 1 = 7.
When (n + l) values are the same, the sub - shell with lower n has lower energy.
Step3: Order the sub - shells
Since 5p and 6s have (n + l)=6 and 5 < 6, 5p has lower energy than 6s. Also, 4f and 6p have (n + l)=7 and 4 < 6, 4f has lower energy than 6p.
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5p, 6s, 4f, 6p