Question

9 mark for review the diagram above best illustrates which of the following phenomena associated with solids that have metallic bonding? a electrical conductivity, because it shows a lattice of positive ions immersed in a sea of electrons. b malleability, because it shows how adjacent layers of positive ions can move relative to one another while remaining in full contact with the electron sea. c heat conductivity, because it shows how layers of atoms can slide past one another, creating friction between layers and causing the temperature of the solid to increase. d the ability to form substitutional alloys, because it shows how atoms of two different metals can combine in a one - to - one ratio.

Explanation:

• Option A: Electrical conductivity in metals is due to delocalized electrons moving, but the diagram shows ion layers moving, not electron movement for conductivity. Eliminate A.
• Option B: Malleability in metallic bonding occurs when layers of positive ions slide over each other while still being surrounded by the electron sea (which holds them together). The diagram shows adjacent ion layers moving relative to each other with the electron sea, matching malleability.
• Option C: Heat conductivity in metals is from electron movement and atomic vibrations, not friction from layers sliding (friction would not explain heat conductivity, and the diagram doesn’t depict friction - based heating). Eliminate C.
• Option D: The diagram has only one type of positive ion (no two different metals), so it doesn’t illustrate substitutional alloys. Eliminate D.

Answer:

B. Malleability, because it shows how adjacent layers of positive ions can move relative to one another while remaining in full contact with the electron sea.