Question

the meaning of endurance1 in all of our lives, there comes a time when we must endure something difficult. this period of difficulty may last for days, weeks, months, or even years. the dictionary defines endurance as \the fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.\ in 1915, a crew of 29 men proved that physical and mental endurance is one of the most important character traits we can possess.2 on december 5, 1914, explorer ernest shackleton and his crew of 27 men (plus one stowaway) set sail from south georgia island on shackletons ship, aptly named the hms endurance. their goal was to cross the weddell sea and become the first people to cross the continent of antarctica. shackletons men were prepared to endure the extreme temperatures of the frozen continent, so when they entered pack ice (the barrier of thick ice floes that surrounds antarctica), they werent overly concerned. however, in january of 1915, a strong storm pressed the ice floes so tightly against each other that the endurance became completely trapped. though they tried to break the ship free, it soon became clear that the crew would have to wait out the arctic winter in the hope that warmer temperatures in the spring would loosen the ice and free the ship.which statement would the author most likely determine to be invalid or unsound?1. shackleton set an ambitious goal and had to make changes to his plan as conditions worsened.2. the crew should have been aware of the extent of the dangers they could face when they joined the expedition.3. shackleton should have commanded the crew to keep marching across the ice to reach land to hasten their rescue.4. the crew surviving on elephant island packed their belongings every day as a ritual to keep hope of a rescue alive.

Explanation:

The passage frames Shackleton and his crew's experience as a demonstration of endurance in extreme, unforeseen hardship.

1. The first statement aligns with the text: Shackleton had an ambitious Antarctic crossing goal and had to adapt when the ship was trapped.
2. The second statement is reasonable; the crew was prepared for extremes but not the specific trap, so the author would not find this invalid.
3. The third statement is invalid: The text notes the crew was trapped in thick pack ice, so marching across it to land would be impossible and reckless, contradicting the context of their struggle to survive by waiting for ice to loosen.
4. The fourth statement is a plausible survival ritual the author would not dismiss as invalid, as it fits the theme of maintaining endurance.

Answer:

Shackleton should have commanded the crew to keep marching across the ice to reach land to hasten their rescue.