Question

the middle layer of the pericardial membranes is the:

• parietal pericardium
• visceral pericardium
• fibrous pericardium
• endocardium

question 2
the layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is:

• epicardium
• myocardium
• either endocardium or epicardium
• endocardium
• parietal layer of the serous pericardium

question 3
blood from the digestive organs and spleen flows into the liver through the:

• hepatic vein
• portal vein
• hepatic artery
• inferior vena cava

Explanation:

1. The pericardial membranes have three layers. The outermost is the fibrous pericardium, the middle is the parietal pericardium, and the innermost is the visceral pericardium. The endocardium is the inner - lining of the heart chambers, not part of the pericardial membranes.
2. The epicardium is the same as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium. The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart wall, and the endocardium is the inner - most layer of the heart wall.
3. Blood from the digestive organs and spleen flows to the liver through the portal vein. The hepatic vein carries blood out of the liver, the hepatic artery supplies oxygen - rich blood to the liver, and the inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

Answer:

1. parietal pericardium
2. epicardium
3. portal vein