Question

for others, their experiences limit their ability to understand the experiences of others. others simply do not care. hence, one must accept the proposition that a difference there will be by the presence of women and people of color on the bench. personal experiences affect the facts that judges choose to see. my hope is that i will take the good from my experiences and extrapolate them further into areas with which i am unfamiliar. i simply do not know exactly what that difference will be in my judging. but i accept there will be some based on my gender and my latina heritage.
—\a latina judge’s voice,\ sonia sotomayor
how does the author use pathos to support her purpose?
○ the author appeals to the audience’s values by saying, \others simply do not care.\
× the author appeals to the audience’s emotions by saying, \my latina heritage.\
○ the author appeals to the audience’s values by saying, \personal experiences affect the facts.\
○ the author appeals to the audience’s emotions by saying, \that difference will be in my judging.\

Explanation:

To determine how the author uses pathos, recall that pathos appeals to emotions. Analyze each option:

• First option: "Others simply do not care" appeals to values (ethos/ logos - related), not emotions. Eliminate.
• Second option (marked wrong initially, but let's re - evaluate): "my Latina heritage" connects to the author's personal identity and background, which can evoke emotional responses (empathy, connection to cultural identity) from the audience. This is an emotional appeal.
• Third option: "Personal experiences affect the facts" is a logical or ethical (about values of justice/fact - finding) statement, not emotional. Eliminate.
• Fourth option: "That difference will be in my judging" is a statement about the author's judicial approach, not an emotional appeal. Eliminate.

Wait, maybe the initial marking was wrong. The correct analysis: Pathos is emotional appeal. "my Latina heritage" is a personal, cultural identity element that can stir emotions (like empathy, recognition of cultural background's impact). So the correct option is the second one (even though it was marked with a cross, maybe that was a mistake in the original). But following the analysis:

Wait, let's re - check. The options:

1. "The author appeals to the audience’s values by saying, 'Others simply do not care.'" – Values appeal is more ethos or logos - adjacent, not pathos. Pathos is emotions. So this is wrong.

1. "The author appeals to the audience’s emotions by saying, 'my Latina heritage.'" – "Latina heritage" is a personal, cultural aspect. Sharing one's heritage can create an emotional connection (empathy, understanding of cultural perspective) with the audience. This is a pathos appeal.

1. "The author appeals to the audience’s values by saying, 'Personal experiences affect the facts.'" – This is a statement about the value of considering personal experience in fact - finding, which is an appeal to values (ethos - like, about what is important in justice), not pathos.

1. "The author appeals to the audience's emotions by saying, 'That difference will be in my judging.'" – This is a statement about the author's judicial approach, not an emotional appeal.

So the correct option is the second one: The author appeals to the audience’s emotions by saying, "my Latina heritage."

Answer:

The author appeals to the audience’s emotions by saying, "my Latina heritage." (The option with this text, which is the second option in the list: "The author appeals to the audience’s emotions by saying, 'my Latina heritage.'")