Question

part ii. for each of the following isotopes, write the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. assume all atoms are neutral.

	chromium-58	chromium-63			carbon-12	carbon-13	carbon-14
# of neutrons	34			# of neutrons
# of electrons	24			# of electrons
mass	58			mass

Explanation:

First, let's handle Chromium - 63:

Step 1: Determine the number of protons

For an element, the number of protons is equal to its atomic number. Chromium has an atomic number of 24, so the number of protons in Chromium - 63 is also 24.

Step 2: Determine the number of neutrons

The mass number of an isotope is given by the sum of protons and neutrons. The formula for the number of neutrons ($n$) is $n=\text{mass number}-\text{number of protons}$. For Chromium - 63, the mass number is 63 and the number of protons is 24. So, $n = 63 - 24=39$.

Step 3: Determine the number of electrons

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Since the number of protons is 24, the number of electrons is also 24.

Step 4: Determine the mass number

The mass number of Chromium - 63 is given as 63.

Now, let's handle the Carbon isotopes (Carbon - 12, Carbon - 13, Carbon - 14):

General rules:

• The atomic number of carbon is 6, so the number of protons in any carbon isotope is 6.
• In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, so the number of electrons in any neutral carbon atom is 6.
• The number of neutrons is calculated as $\text{mass number}-\text{number of protons}$. The mass number is given in the isotope name (e.g., 12 for Carbon - 12, 13 for Carbon - 13, 14 for Carbon - 14).

For Carbon - 12:

• Number of protons: 6 (atomic number of carbon)
• Number of neutrons: $12 - 6 = 6$
• Number of electrons: 6 (neutral atom)
• Mass number: 12

For Carbon - 13:

• Number of protons: 6
• Number of neutrons: $13 - 6 = 7$
• Number of electrons: 6
• Mass number: 13

For Carbon - 14:

• Number of protons: 6
• Number of neutrons: $14 - 6 = 8$
• Number of electrons: 6
• Mass number: 14

Filling the tables:

Chromium - 63 row:

• # of protons: 24
• # of neutrons: 39
• # of electrons: 24
• Mass: 63

Carbon isotopes table:

	Carbon - 12	Carbon - 13	Carbon - 14
# of neutrons	6	7	8
# of electrons	6	6	6
Mass	12	13	14

Final Answers (Filled Tables):

Chromium Table:

	Chromium - 58	Chromium - 63
# of neutrons	34	39
# of electrons	24	24
Mass	58	63

Carbon Table:

	Carbon - 12	Carbon - 13	Carbon - 14
# of neutrons	6	7	8
# of electrons	6	6	6
Mass	12	13	14

Answer:

First, let's handle Chromium - 63:

Step 1: Determine the number of protons

For an element, the number of protons is equal to its atomic number. Chromium has an atomic number of 24, so the number of protons in Chromium - 63 is also 24.

Step 2: Determine the number of neutrons

The mass number of an isotope is given by the sum of protons and neutrons. The formula for the number of neutrons ($n$) is $n=\text{mass number}-\text{number of protons}$. For Chromium - 63, the mass number is 63 and the number of protons is 24. So, $n = 63 - 24=39$.

Step 3: Determine the number of electrons

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Since the number of protons is 24, the number of electrons is also 24.

Step 4: Determine the mass number

The mass number of Chromium - 63 is given as 63.

Now, let's handle the Carbon isotopes (Carbon - 12, Carbon - 13, Carbon - 14):

General rules:

• The atomic number of carbon is 6, so the number of protons in any carbon isotope is 6.
• In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, so the number of electrons in any neutral carbon atom is 6.
• The number of neutrons is calculated as $\text{mass number}-\text{number of protons}$. The mass number is given in the isotope name (e.g., 12 for Carbon - 12, 13 for Carbon - 13, 14 for Carbon - 14).

For Carbon - 12:

• Number of protons: 6 (atomic number of carbon)
• Number of neutrons: $12 - 6 = 6$
• Number of electrons: 6 (neutral atom)
• Mass number: 12

For Carbon - 13:

• Number of protons: 6
• Number of neutrons: $13 - 6 = 7$
• Number of electrons: 6
• Mass number: 13

For Carbon - 14:

• Number of protons: 6
• Number of neutrons: $14 - 6 = 8$
• Number of electrons: 6
• Mass number: 14

Filling the tables:

Chromium - 63 row:

• # of protons: 24
• # of neutrons: 39
• # of electrons: 24
• Mass: 63

Carbon isotopes table:

	Carbon - 12	Carbon - 13	Carbon - 14
# of neutrons	6	7	8
# of electrons	6	6	6
Mass	12	13	14

Final Answers (Filled Tables):

Chromium Table:

	Chromium - 58	Chromium - 63
# of neutrons	34	39
# of electrons	24	24
Mass	58	63

Carbon Table:

	Carbon - 12	Carbon - 13	Carbon - 14
# of neutrons	6	7	8
# of electrons	6	6	6
Mass	12	13	14