Question

part i. illustrate the three laws of planetary motion by drawing a diagram for each law. keplers law of planetary motion 1st law law of ellipses 2nd law law of equal areas 3rd law law of harmonies part ii. write true if the statement is correct, and false if the statement is incorrect. 1. keplers first law states that all planets move in perfect circles around the sun. 2. keplers second law means that planets move faster when they are closer to the sun. 3. keplers third law shows that the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun is related to its distance from the sun. 4. keplers laws only apply to the planets in our solar system. 5. keplers first law states that a planets orbit is elliptical with the sun at one of the two foci. part iii. answer the following questions about keplers laws of planetary motion based on your understanding of planetary orbits and motion. 1. what shape is the orbit of a planet, according to keplers first law? 2. what does keplers second law say about the speed of a planet as it orbits the sun? 3. what does keplers third law tell us about the relationship between a planets distance from the sun and its orbital time?

Explanation:

1. Kepler's First Law states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one of the foci, not perfect circles, so the statement in 1 is False.
2. Kepler's Second Law (Law of Equal - Areas) implies that a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals. So, when a planet is closer to the Sun (where the orbital radius is smaller), it must move faster to sweep out the same - sized area as when it is farther away. Thus, the statement in 2 is True.
3. Kepler's Third Law (Law of Harmonies) shows that the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of its semi - major axis (average distance from the Sun). So, the time it takes a planet to orbit the Sun is related to its distance from the Sun, and the statement in 3 is True.
4. Kepler's Laws are universal and apply to any system of bodies in orbit around a central mass, not just the planets in our solar system. So, the statement in 4 is False.
5. As described above, Kepler's First Law states that a planet's orbit is elliptical with the Sun at one of the two foci, so the statement in 5 is True.

For Part III:

1. According to Kepler's First Law, the shape of a planet's orbit is an ellipse.
2. Kepler's Second Law says that when a planet moves closer to the Sun, it speeds up, and when it moves farther away, it slows down.
3. Kepler's Third Law tells us that the farther the planet is from the Sun, the longer its orbital period.

Answer:

Part II:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

Part III:

1. Ellipse
2. When a planet moves closer to the Sun, it speeds up; when it moves farther away, it slows down.
3. The farther the planet is from the Sun, the longer its orbital period.