Question

part 2 use lewis dot structures to show the ionic bonding in the following pairs of elements. show the correct chemical formula for the ionic compound that forms.

1. barium oxide (ba and o)

formula: bao

1. calcium chloride (ca and cl)

formula: cacl₂

1. aluminum oxide (al and o)

formula: al₂o₃

1. sodium oxide (na and o)

formula: na₂o

1. sodium nitride (na and n)

formula: na₃n

1. magnesium phosphide (mg and p)

formula: mg₃p₂
part 3 use lewis dot structures to show the covalent bonding in the following pairs of elements. once you have determined the structure for the molecule, write its structural formula in the space provided; use a dash to represent a shared pair of electrons, and dots to show unshared electrons.

1. nitrogen triiodide (ni₃)

show work here... hint: nitrogen is in the middle!

1. carbon tetrabromide (cbr₄)

show work here... hint: carbon is in the middle!

1. dihydrogen monoxide (h₂o)

show work here... hint: oxygen is in the middle!

Explanation:

Step1: Determine valence electrons for NCl₃

N has 5 valence - electrons and Cl has 7 valence - electrons. N is in the middle. There are 3 Cl atoms. Total valence electrons = 5+(3×7)=26.

Step2: Arrange electrons in NCl₃

N forms 3 single bonds with 3 Cl atoms, using 6 electrons. Then place the remaining 20 electrons as lone - pairs. Each Cl has 3 lone - pairs and N has 1 lone - pair. The Lewis structure is: N is in the middle with 3 single bonds to Cl and 1 lone - pair on N, and 3 lone - pairs on each Cl. The structural formula is N - Cl - Cl - Cl with a lone - pair on N.

Step3: Determine valence electrons for CBr₄

C has 4 valence - electrons and Br has 7 valence - electrons. C is in the middle. There are 4 Br atoms. Total valence electrons = 4+(4×7)=32.

Step4: Arrange electrons in CBr₄

C forms 4 single bonds with 4 Br atoms, using 8 electrons. Then place the remaining 24 electrons as lone - pairs. Each Br has 3 lone - pairs. The Lewis structure is: C in the middle with 4 single bonds to Br and no lone - pairs on C. The structural formula is C - Br - Br - Br - Br.

Step5: Determine valence electrons for H₂O

O has 6 valence - electrons and H has 1 valence - electron. O is in the middle. There are 2 H atoms. Total valence electrons = 6+(2×1)=8.

Step6: Arrange electrons in H₂O

O forms 2 single bonds with 2 H atoms, using 4 electrons. Then place the remaining 4 electrons as 2 lone - pairs on O. The Lewis structure is: O in the middle with 2 single bonds to H and 2 lone - pairs on O. The structural formula is H - O - H with 2 lone - pairs on O.

Answer:

1. N - Cl - Cl - Cl with a lone - pair on N
2. C - Br - Br - Br - Br
3. H - O - H with 2 lone - pairs on O