Question

perihelion and aphelion
do changes in earths orbit drastically affect temperature?
earths orbit around the sun is an ellipse, like a slightly flattened circle. because of this, earths distance from the sun varies slightly. at its closest point to the sun, called perihelion, earth is 0.98 au away. at its furthest point, called aphelion, earth is 1.02 au away.
we have calculated what temperature earth would be at each distance, assuming all other factors are constant. identify the effective temperatures and then convert the temperatures to celsius. to convert from kelvin to celsius, subtract 273.
perihelion temperature (degrees c)
aphelion temperature (degrees c)
star
mass: 1.000 $m_s$
luminosity: 1.000 $l_s$
earth
distance: 0.98 au
radius: 1.000 $r_e$
albedo: 0.31
pressure: 1.000 atm
effective temperature: 256.4 k
star
mass: 1.000 $m_s$
luminosity: 1.000 $l_s$
earth
distance: 1.020 au
radius: 1.000 $r_e$
albedo: 0.317
pressure: 1.000 atm
effective temperature: 253.2 k

Explanation:

Step1: Convert Perihelion Temperature (Kelvin to Celsius)

The formula to convert Kelvin (K) to Celsius (°C) is \( T_{°C}=T_{K} - 273 \). For perihelion, the effective temperature is \( 256.4\ K \).
So, \( T_{perihelion}=256.4 - 273 \)
\( T_{perihelion}=- 16.6\ °C \)

Step2: Convert Aphelion Temperature (Kelvin to Celsius)

Using the same conversion formula \( T_{°C}=T_{K}-273 \). For aphelion, the effective temperature is \( 253.2\ K \).
So, \( T_{aphelion}=253.2 - 273 \)
\( T_{aphelion}=-19.8\ °C \)

Answer:

Perihelion Temperature: \(-16.6\ °C\)
Aphelion Temperature: \(-19.8\ °C\)