Question

physical state | definite shape? | definite volume? | readily compressible?
gas | no | no | yes
liquid | no | yes | no
solid | yes | yes | no
use table 2.1 to answer the following questions.

1. which substance is a colored gas?
2. which liquids boil at a lower temperature than water?
3. for which substances would 2 cm³ have a mass greater than 6 g?

section 2.2 mixtures

1. how might one separate a mixture of water and salt?
2. what is a homogeneous mixture?

which of the following mixtures are homogeneous? which are heterogeneous?
a. gasoline
b. chunky peanut butter
c. oil and vinegar salad dressing
d. orange soda

Explanation:

Since the table for questions 6 - 8 is not fully provided (we only see the physical state properties table, not the substance - related data table), and for the mixture - related questions, let's answer question 1 about separating water and salt:

Question 1 (Separating water and salt)

Step 1: Recall separation methods for salt - water mixture

Salt (sodium chloride, \(\ce{NaCl}\)) is soluble in water. To separate them, we can use the process of evaporation. Evaporation is a technique where a liquid (in this case, water) is converted into its gaseous state (water vapor) by heating, leaving behind the solid solute (salt). We can also use distillation, but evaporation is simpler for this mixture. In evaporation, we heat the salt - water solution. The water will turn into vapor and escape, and the salt will be left in the container.

Step 2: Describe the process

1. Take the mixture of water and salt in a container (like a beaker).
2. Heat the beaker gently. As the temperature rises, the water in the solution will start to evaporate (turn into water vapor).
3. Continue heating until all the water has evaporated. The solid residue left in the beaker will be the salt.

A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. This means that the different components of the mixture are evenly distributed and cannot be visually distinguished from one another. For example, a solution of sugar in water is a homogeneous mixture because the sugar molecules are uniformly dispersed in the water, and we cannot see separate sugar particles or water regions.

Gasoline is a mixture of various hydrocarbons. The components of gasoline are uniformly mixed, and we cannot see distinct phases or components within it. So, it is a homogeneous mixture.

Part b: Chunky peanut butter

Answer:

One can separate a mixture of water and salt by evaporation. Heat the salt - water solution; the water will evaporate as vapor, leaving the salt behind. (Distillation can also be used, where the water vapor is condensed back to liquid water, separating it from the salt.)

For question 2 (What is a homogeneous mixture?):