Question

preoperational 2 - 7y lacks operations to solve problems: cant talk about that which is not present. concrete operations 7 - 11y begins to understand conservation, has trouble with abstract ideas. formal operations 11 onward understands abstract situations, capable of logical thought. 7. how do vygotskys ideas of development differ from piagets? vygotskys was different because piaget was more about the kids going through different stages. main idea b: children’s emotional development is as important as their cognitive and physical development for learning and creating attachments. 1. who used monkeys to study attachment, and what did he find out? 2. how is imprinting different from attachment? in regards to imprinting, what would most likely have happened if the first thing the goslings saw was a dog? 3. when is the critical period of attachment for children? 4. what are the four patterns of attachment in children? briefly describe each.

Explanation:

1. Harry Harlow used monkeys in his attachment - related experiments. He found that infant monkeys formed attachments based on contact comfort rather than just food provision. For example, they preferred a soft, cloth - covered "mother" over a wire "mother" that provided food.
2. Imprinting is a rapid and relatively irreversible process that occurs during a critical period early in an animal's life, often related to following the first moving object they see (usually the mother). Attachment, on the other hand, is a more gradual emotional bond that forms over time between an infant and a caregiver, involving feelings of security and comfort.
3. The critical period of attachment for children is generally considered to be the first few years of life, especially the first 1 - 2 years, during which they form their primary attachment bonds with caregivers.
4. The four patterns of attachment in children are:

• Secure attachment: Children are comfortable exploring in the presence of the caregiver, are distressed when the caregiver leaves, and are easily soothed when the caregiver returns.
• Insecure - avoidant attachment: Children show little distress when the caregiver leaves and avoid the caregiver when they return.
• Insecure - ambivalent attachment: Children are anxious even when the caregiver is present, are very distressed when the caregiver leaves, and have difficulty being soothed when the caregiver returns.
• Disorganized attachment: Children show confused or contradictory behaviors, such as approaching the caregiver while looking away, and may be at higher risk for later emotional and behavioral problems.

Answer:

1. Harry Harlow used monkeys to study attachment. He found that infant monkeys preferred contact - comfort over food - providing objects for attachment.
2. Imprinting is a rapid, early - life process of following the first moving object, while attachment is a gradual emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver.
3. The critical period of attachment for children is usually the first 1 - 2 years of life.
4. Secure attachment: Comfortable exploring, distressed when caregiver leaves, easily soothed on return.

Insecure - avoidant attachment: Little distress on caregiver's departure, avoidance on return.
Insecure - ambivalent attachment: Anxious when caregiver present, highly distressed on departure, hard to soothe on return.
Disorganized attachment: Confused or contradictory behaviors.