Question

put the steps into the correct order to trace the progression of gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd).
1 hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices causes a burning sensation in the esophagus
2 over time, damage occurs to the lining of the esophagus
3 food, liquid and gastric juices in the stomach flow up into the esophagus
4 lower esophageal sphincter is weakened or relaxes inappropriately

Explanation:

GERD starts with a dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus. The acidic gastric juices then cause immediate symptoms, and repeated exposure leads to long-term esophageal damage.

Answer:

1. Lower esophageal sphincter is weakened or relaxes inappropriately
2. Food, liquid and gastric juices in the stomach flow up into the esophagus
3. Hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices causes a burning sensation in the esophagus
4. Over time, damage occurs to the lining of the esophagus