Question

the reaction for electron affinity for several elements is given. which element would have the most favorable electron affinity?cl+e⁻→cl⁻mg+e⁻→mg⁻p+e⁻→p⁻s+e⁻→s⁻

Explanation:

Electron affinity measures the energy change when an atom gains an electron; a more negative (or more favorable) value means the atom readily accepts an electron. Chlorine (Cl) is a halogen with a nearly full valence shell (7 valence electrons), so it strongly attracts an additional electron to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. Magnesium (Mg) has a full 3s valence shell, so adding an electron is unfavorable. Phosphorus (P) has a half-filled 3p subshell which is stable, making electron addition less favorable. Sulfur (S) has a more favorable electron affinity than P and Mg but less than Cl, as Cl's smaller atomic radius and higher nuclear charge create a stronger attraction for an incoming electron.

Answer:

Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻