Question

scientists, including ernest rutherford, started testing atomic structure theory in the early 1800’s. what was rutherford’s key contribution to the atomic theory of matter?
a elements can form compounds.
b atoms contain a central nucleus.
c electrons are negatively charged particles.
d matter cannot be divided infinitely and retain its properties.

Explanation:

• Option A: The idea that elements can form compounds is related to chemical bonding and not Rutherford's contribution to atomic structure.
• Option B: Rutherford's gold foil experiment led to the discovery that atoms have a central, dense nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) with electrons orbiting around it. This was a key contribution to atomic theory.
• Option C: The discovery that electrons are negatively charged was made by J.J. Thomson, not Rutherford.
• Option D: The concept that matter cannot be divided infinitely and retain its properties is part of early atomic ideas (like Dalton's) and not Rutherford's work.

Answer:

B. Atoms contain a central nucleus.