Question

1. the v shape formed by contour lines near a stream always points which direction?

a. downstream
b. upstream
c. east
d. west

1. map scale 1:24,000 means:

a. 1 unit on map equals 24,000 units on the ground
b. 24,000 units on map equals 1 unit on the ground
c. map covers 24,000 square units
d. map resolution is 1/24,000

1. gradient is defined as:

a. horizontal distance divided by vertical change
b. vertical change divided by horizontal distance
c. elevation times distance
d. contour interval times number of contours

1. which technology has improved the resolution of topographic data?

a. seismographs
b. lidar
c. sonar
d. barometers

1. digital elevation models (dems) are primarily used for:

a. displaying political boundaries
b. raster representation of elevation for analysis and modeling
c. recording linguistic data
d. mapping ocean currents

Explanation:

1. Contour lines bend upstream when crossing a stream, as they follow higher elevation land that forms the stream's banks.
2. Map scale 1:24,000 is a representative fraction, where the first number is map units and the second is ground units.
3. Gradient measures steepness, calculated as the vertical change over horizontal distance.
4. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) uses laser pulses to create high-resolution topographic data, far more precise than the other listed tools.
5. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are raster datasets that store elevation values for geographic analysis and modeling.

Answer:

1. B. Upstream
2. A. 1 unit on map equals 24,000 units on the ground
3. B. Vertical change divided by horizontal distance
4. B. LiDAR
5. B. Raster representation of elevation for analysis and modeling