Question

1. solute a. the part that dissolves into the solution. 2. solvent b. the part that dissolves something. 3. covalent c. compounds made up of two non - metals. 4. ionic d. since they are made up of ions, they are polar molecules. 5. concentration e. tells you how much solvent is dissolved in the solution. 1. dissolve a. causes more gaseous solvent to be forced into a liquid. 2. pressure b. increases solubility by moving the molecules around faster. 3. crushing c. increases solubility by allowing the solvent to touch more sides of the solute. 4. heating d. expands the solvent a bit to allow more room for the solute. 5. stirring e. when something seems to disappear inside a solvent. 1. water tension a. the breaking up of an ionic molecule by a polar solvent. 2. dissociation b. a molecule that has a positive and negative end. 3. hydrogen bonds c. the attractive force between two molecules of the same substance. 4. polar molecule d. the attractive force caused by hydrogen protons to a more negative non - metal. 5. capillary action e. what allows plants to draw water up from their roots. 6. cohesion f. caused by the cohesion of water molecules holding it together. give three ways to make sugar dissolve faster. do metals become positive or negative? would a metal be attracted to water’s hydrogens or oxygen? would a nonmetal be attracted to water’s hydrogens or oxygen? which is the smallest particle size: rock salt, regular salt, or finely powdered salt? which is the largest particle size: sugar cubes, granulated sugar (regular table sugar), or powdered sugar? which one will dissolve the fastest? powdered sugar or granulated sugar? in hot water or in cold water? stirred or not stirred? large particles or small particles? which is warmer: artic water or tropical water? which holds more oxygen: artic water or tropical water? when power plants use cold streams for cooling, they can kill the fish by heating up the water. why do many fish die? which holds more solid solute: hot or cold liquids? which holds more gaseous solute: hot or cold solvents? what property of gases allows them to be pressured into solution? why are water bugs able to “walk on water”? how do plants get water from their roots up to their leaves? polar or non - polar? cooking oil salt soluble in water ionic compounds a compound with h’s dissolves in water sugar insoluble in water draw a water molecule, being sure to label the ends as positive and negative. to which side of a water molecule are these attracted? magnesium sulfur iron chlorine potassium bromine calcium helium nitrogen

Explanation:

1. Solutions concepts:

• Solute is the part that dissolves in the solution. Solvent is the part that dissolves something. Concentration tells how much solute is dissolved in the solution.
• Covalent compounds are made of two non - metals. Ionic compounds are made of ions and are often polar.

1. Dissolution factors:

• Dissolving is when something seems to disappear in a solvent. Pressure can force more gaseous solute into a liquid. Crushing increases solubility by exposing more surface area of the solute to the solvent. Heating can increase solubility by moving molecules faster and expanding the solvent a bit. Stirring increases solubility by moving molecules around faster.

1. Water properties:

• Water tension is related to the cohesion of water molecules. Dissociation is the breaking up of an ionic molecule by a polar solvent. Hydrogen bonds are the attractive force caused by hydrogen protons to a more negative non - metal. A polar molecule has a positive and negative end. Capillary action allows plants to draw water up from their roots. Cohesion is the attractive force between two molecules of the same substance.

1. Polarity and solubility:

• Cooking oil is non - polar and insoluble in water. Salt is ionic and soluble in water. Sugar is polar and soluble in water.

1. Particle size and dissolution:

• Finely powdered salt has the smallest particle size among rock salt, regular salt, and finely powdered salt. Sugar cubes have the largest particle size among sugar cubes, granulated sugar, and powdered sugar. Powdered sugar dissolves faster than granulated sugar, in hot water faster than cold water, when stirred faster than when not stirred, and small particles dissolve faster than large particles.

1. Metal and non - metal interactions with water: Metals become positive. Metals are attracted to the oxygen in water (due to the negative charge on oxygen in a water molecule). Non - metals may have various interactions depending on their charge and polarity.
2. Water temperature and gas/solute holding capacity: Tropical water is warmer than arctic water. Arctic water holds more oxygen as gas solubility decreases with increasing temperature. Hot liquids hold more solid solute in general. Cold solvents hold more gaseous solute.
3. Fish death and water properties: When power plants heat up water, the solubility of oxygen decreases, leading to fish death due to lack of oxygen.
4. Water bug and plant water uptake: Water bugs can "walk on water" due to water tension (cohesion of water molecules creating a surface "skin"). Plants get water from their roots to their leaves through capillary action.
5. Gas property for dissolution: Gases can be pressured into solution due to their compressibility.

Answer:

1. Solute: A. The part that dissolves into the solution.
2. Solvent: B. The part that dissolves something.
3. Covalent: C. Compounds made up of two non - metals.
4. Ionic: D. Since they are made up of ions, they are polar molecules.
5. Concentration: E. Tells you how much solute is dissolved in the solution.
6. Dissolve: E. When something seems to disappear inside a solvent.
7. Pressure: A. Causes more gaseous solute to be forced into a liquid.
8. Crushing: C. Increases solubility by allowing the solvent to touch more sides of the solute.
9. Heating: B. Increases solubility by moving the molecules around faster and D. Expands the solvent a bit to allow more room for the solute.
10. Stirring: B. Increases solubility by moving the molecules around faster.
11. Water tension: F. Caused by the cohesion of water molecules holding it together.
12. Dissociation: A. The breaking up of an ionic molecule by a polar solvent.
13. Hydrogen bonds: D. The attractive force caused by hydrogen protons to a more negative non - metal.
14. Polar Molecule: B. A molecule that has a positive and negative end.
15. Capillary action: E. What allows plants to draw water up from their roots.
16. Cohesion: C. The attractive force between two molecules of the same substance.
17. Cooking oil: Non - polar, Insoluble in water.
18. Salt: Ionic Compounds, Soluble in water.
19. A compound with H’s (e.g., sugar): Polar, Dissolves in water.
20. Sugar: Polar, Dissolves in water.
21. Smallest particle size: Finely powdered salt.
22. Largest particle size: Sugar cubes.
23. Dissolves fastest: Powdered sugar, in hot water, when stirred, small particles.
24. Warmer: Tropical water.
25. Holds more oxygen: Arctic water.
26. Fish die: Due to decreased oxygen solubility as water is heated by power plants.
27. Water bugs walk on water: Due to water tension (cohesion).
28. Plants get water: Through capillary action.
29. Property of gases: Compressibility allows them to be pressured into solution.