Question

1. suggest a procedure for measuring the density of a liquid.

1. suggest a procedure for measuring the density of a solid that does not have a regular geometric shape.

Explanation:

Question 2: Procedure for measuring the density of a liquid

Step 1: Measure the mass of the liquid

Use an electronic balance to measure the mass of an empty, dry beaker. Record this mass as \( m_1 \). Then, pour the liquid into the beaker and measure the combined mass of the beaker and the liquid. Record this mass as \( m_2 \). The mass of the liquid, \( m \), is calculated as \( m = m_2 - m_1 \).

Step 2: Measure the volume of the liquid

Pour the liquid from the beaker into a graduated cylinder. Read the volume of the liquid from the graduated cylinder at eye level to avoid parallax error. Record this volume as \( V \).

Step 3: Calculate the density

The density \(
ho \) of a substance is given by the formula \(
ho=\frac{m}{V} \). Substitute the values of \( m \) (from Step 1) and \( V \) (from Step 2) into the formula to calculate the density of the liquid.

Step 1: Measure the mass of the solid

Use an electronic balance to measure the mass of the irregular - shaped solid. Record this mass as \( m \).

Step 2: Measure the volume of the solid (using the water displacement method)

• Fill a graduated cylinder with a known volume of water, say \( V_1 \). Record this initial volume.
• Carefully lower the irregular - shaped solid into the graduated cylinder using a thread or a suitable holder, making sure that the solid is completely submerged in the water and no air bubbles are trapped.
• Read the new volume of the water - solid mixture in the graduated cylinder. Record this final volume as \( V_2 \).
• The volume of the solid, \( V \), is calculated as \( V=V_2 - V_1 \).

Step 3: Calculate the density

Use the formula for density \(
ho = \frac{m}{V} \), where \( m \) is the mass of the solid (from Step 1) and \( V \) is the volume of the solid (from Step 2), to calculate the density of the irregular - shaped solid.

Answer:

1. Measure the mass of the liquid: Find the mass of an empty beaker (\( m_1 \)) and the mass of the beaker with the liquid (\( m_2 \)). The mass of the liquid is \( m = m_2 - m_1 \).
2. Measure the volume of the liquid: Use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume \( V \) of the liquid.
3. Calculate density: Use the formula \(

ho=\frac{m}{V} \) to find the density of the liquid.

Question 3: Procedure for measuring the density of an irregular - shaped solid