Question

terms and concepts that do not appear in the documents but could be used in the final essay: native americans, maryland catholic haven, farming, fishing, lumber, shipping, spanish and french threats, indentured servants, james oglethorpe, calvinism, virginias headright system, plantations, dutch in new york, lord baltimore, pennsylvania “dutch”, tobacco, roger williams, scots - irish frontiersmen, enclosure movement, religious persecution, protestant reformation, patroon plan, english civil war, quakers. essay question: although new england and the chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of english origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. why did this difference in development occur? use the documents and your knowledge of the colonial period up to 1700 to develop your answer. part a: document analysis source: john winthrop, a model of christian charity (written aboard the arbella on the atlantic ocean, 1630) god almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, (that) in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity, other mean and in subjection....(yet) we must be knit together in this work as one man. we must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities for the supply of others’ necessities. we must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality. we must delight in each other, make others’ conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work....we must consider that we shall be as members of the same body. so shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace....we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. the eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our god in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by - word through the world. we shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of god,....shall shame the faces of many of god’s worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us. what type of source is this? (primary or secondary and what is it?) what is the bias of the author, as it relates to this essay question? what might account for this bias? what is winthrop’s overall message in this sermon? what argument does he use to convince his listeners?

Explanation:

1. Type of source: It is a primary - source as it is a direct account written by John Winthrop, a key figure in the early New England settlement, at the time of the event.
2. Bias of the author: Winthrop was a Puritan leader. His bias is towards creating a religiously - based, tightly - knit community. This bias can be accounted for by his religious beliefs and the goal of establishing a godly society in the New World.
3. Overall message: His overall message is to create a Christian community united in a religious mission, like a "city upon a hill", where members support each other and adhere to godly principles.
4. Argument to convince listeners: He uses the threat of God's withdrawal of help and public shame if they fail in their religious mission as an argument to convince his listeners.

Answer:

1. Primary - source (a sermon written by John Winthrop).
2. Bias: Towards a religiously - based community. Accounted for by religious beliefs and settlement goals.
3. Overall message: Create a Christian community like a "city upon a hill".
4. Argument: Threat of God's withdrawal and public shame.