Question

there is a tale, \the ring of gyges,\ that feldman sometimes tells his economist friends. it comes from plato’s republic. a student named glaucon offered the story in response to a lesson by socrates—who, like adam smith, argued that people are generally good even without enforcement. glaucon, like feldman’s economist friends, disagreed. he told of a shepherd named gyges who stumbled upon a secret cavern with a corpse inside that wore a ring. when gyges put on the ring, he found that it made him invisible. with no one able to monitor his behavior, gyges proceeded to do woeful things—seduce the queen, murder the king, and so on. glaucon’s story posed a moral question: could any man resist the temptation of evil if he knew his acts could not be witnessed? glaucon seemed to think the answer was no. but paul feldman sides with socrates and adam smith—for he knows the answer, at least 87 percent of the time, is yes.compared with feldman’s argument, the tale of \the ring of gyges\ is best described as a claim. counterclaim. umbrella statement. logical fallacy.

Explanation:

Feldman argues people are generally good (most of the time resist evil without monitoring), while "The Ring of Gyges" tale (from Glaucon) suggests people can't resist evil if unmonitored. A counterclaim opposes another's argument, so the tale is a counterclaim to Feldman's view. A claim is a standalone assertion, an umbrella statement covers broader ideas, and a logical fallacy is flawed reasoning—none fit as well as counterclaim.

Answer:

B. counterclaim