Question

unit 3: land - based empires study guide

1. which innovation is essential to the growth and spread of empires beginning in the 1400s?
2. what was the largest and longest islamic empire that lasted until wwi
3. after the ottoman’s capture constantinople, what did they change its name to?
4. which islamic empire conquered persia under the leadership of a young teenage ruler? what was this rulers name?
5. what is a shah?
6. what do shia muslims believe about the caliph?
7. what do sunni muslims believe about the caliph?
8. are most muslims today sunni or shia?
9. who conquered the mughal empire?
10. what does it mean to “centralize” power?
11. what is a bureaucracy?
12. under whose leadership did russia expand eastward?
13. who is responsible for completing the great wall of china?
14. why did european empires continue to grow after the 1400s?
15. what is the divine right of kings?
16. under the ideology of the divine right of kings, a challenge to the authority of the king is a challenge to ____________.
17. who were the justices of the peace?
18. what did the english bill of rights do?
19. what is absolutism?

Explanation:

1. Answer 1: Maritime - navigation innovations like the compass, astrolabe, and improved ship - building (caravels) were crucial for empire growth and spread from the 1400s, enabling long - distance exploration and trade.
2. Answer 2: The Ottoman Empire was the largest and longest - lasting Islamic empire that endured until World War I.
3. Answer 3: After capturing Constantinople, the Ottomans changed its name to Istanbul.
4. Answer 4: The Safavid Empire conquered Persia under the leadership of Ismail I, who was a young teenage ruler when he began his conquests.
5. Answer 5: A shah is a king or monarch in Persian - speaking cultures.
6. Answer 6: Shia Muslims believe that the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and son - in - law Ali.
7. Answer 7: Sunni Muslims believe that the caliph should be elected by the community of Muslims and do not require a direct blood relationship with Muhammad.
8. Answer 8: Most Muslims today are Sunni.
9. Answer 9: The Mughal Empire was gradually weakened and finally conquered by the British.
10. Answer 10: To "centralize" power means to concentrate political, economic, and military power in a single authority, usually the central government.
11. Answer 11: Bureaucracy is a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
12. Answer 12: Russia expanded eastward under the leadership of Ivan the Terrible and later tsars who promoted the expansion of the Russian state into Siberia.
13. Answer 13: The Ming Dynasty is responsible for completing the Great Wall of China as we know it today, making significant renovations and extensions.
14. Answer 14: European empires continued to grow after the 1400s due to factors such as technological advancements in navigation and weaponry, the desire for new trade routes and resources, and the spread of Christianity.
15. Answer 15: The divine right of kings is the belief that a king is given the right to rule by God, and his authority is absolute and not to be questioned.
16. Answer 16: Under the ideology of the divine right of kings, a challenge to the authority of the king is a challenge to God.
17. Answer 17: Justices of the Peace were local officials in England who had various administrative and judicial functions, such as maintaining law and order in their local areas.
18. Answer 18: The English Bill of Rights limited the power of the monarchy, established certain rights for Parliament, and guaranteed certain rights to the people, such as the right to petition the king.
19. Answer 19: Absolutism is a political theory and form of government in which a single ruler, such as a king or queen, holds complete and unrestricted power.

Answer:

1. Maritime - navigation innovations
2. The Ottoman Empire
3. Istanbul
4. The Safavid Empire; Ismail I
5. A king or monarch in Persian - speaking cultures
6. The caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad through Fatima and Ali
7. The caliph should be elected by the community of Muslims
8. Sunni
9. The British
10. Concentrate political, economic, and military power in a single authority
11. A system of government with state - officials making important decisions
12. Ivan the Terrible and later tsars
13. The Ming Dynasty
14. Technological advancements, desire for trade and resources, spread of Christianity
15. The belief that a king is given the right to rule by God
16. God
17. Local officials in England with administrative and judicial functions
18. Limited the power of the monarchy, established rights for Parliament and people
19. A form of government with a single ruler having unrestricted power