Question

unit 9 study guide
you will fill this out by hand & turn in on the day of the test. this will count as a \preparation\ grade
a day - 9/16; b day - 9/17
40 questions/50 minutes
experimental group -
independent variable -
dependent variable -
random assignment -
o random assignment can reduce the impact of
single - blind vs. double - blind procedure -
placebo effect -
research design
quantitative vs. qualitative research -
ethics in psychology
informed consent -
debriefing -
protection from harm
confidentiality
descriptive statistics
give data & characteristics or the group being studied
o mean -
o median -
o mode -
o positive vs. negative skew -
what does the normal curve show?
o on a normal curve, what percentage of scores will fall within one standard deviation of the mean?
o the smaller the , the smaller the standard deviation of the data
inferential statistics
help determine if the results can be generalized to the larger population
o statistical significance -
o effect size -

Explanation:

• Experimental group: The group in an experiment that receives the treatment or manipulation.
• Independent variable: The variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher.
• Dependent variable: The variable that is measured and is expected to change as a result of the independent - variable manipulation.
• Random assignment: Method of placing participants into groups randomly to reduce the impact of confounding variables.
• Single - blind vs. double - blind procedure: In single - blind, either the participants or the researchers are unaware of group assignments; in double - blind, both are unaware.
• Placebo effect: When a participant's response is due to the belief in a treatment rather than the treatment itself.
• Quantitative vs. qualitative research: Quantitative uses numerical data, qualitative uses non - numerical data like observations and interviews.
• Informed consent: Participants are informed of the study's purpose, risks, and benefits and give permission to participate.
• Debriefing: After the study, participants are informed of the true purpose and any deception used.
• Protection from harm: Ensuring participants are not exposed to physical or psychological harm.
• Confidentiality: Keeping participants' personal information private.
• Mean: The arithmetic average of a data set.
• Median: The middle value when data is ordered.
• Mode: The value that occurs most frequently.
• Positive vs. negative skew: Positive skew has a tail on the right, negative skew has a tail on the left.
• Normal curve: Bell - shaped curve showing a symmetrical distribution. Approximately 68% of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. The smaller the spread of data, the smaller the standard deviation.
• Inferential statistics: Used to make inferences about a population based on sample data. Statistical significance: Indicates that results are unlikely due to chance. Effect size: Magnitude of the difference or relationship between variables.

Answer:

• Experimental group: Group receiving treatment.
• Independent variable: Variable being manipulated.
• Dependent variable: Variable being measured.
• Random assignment: Reduces confounding variables.
• Single - blind vs. double - blind procedure: Single - blind has one party unaware; double - blind has both unaware.
• Placebo effect: Response due to belief in treatment.
• Quantitative vs. qualitative research: Quantitative is numerical; qualitative is non - numerical.
• Informed consent: Participant permission after being informed.
• Debriefing: Post - study explanation.
• Protection from harm: No physical/psychological harm.
• Confidentiality: Keep personal info private.
• Mean: Arithmetic average.
• Median: Middle value.
• Mode: Most frequent value.
• Positive vs. negative skew: Positive has right - tail; negative has left - tail.
• Normal curve: Bell - shaped, 68% within one standard deviation of mean. Smaller spread, smaller standard deviation.
• Inferential statistics: Infer about population from sample. Statistical significance: Unlikely due to chance. Effect size: Magnitude of difference/relationship.