Question

1. valence electrons: using the periodic table, fill in the missing information in the table below.

element name	element symbol	total # of electrons	# of valence electrons	gain/lose electrons?	ionic charge	lewis structure
fluorine
lithium
arsenic

Explanation:

Step1: Identify element symbols

Calcium - Ca, Fluorine - F, Lithium - Li, Arsenic - As

Step2: Determine total number of electrons

Calcium (atomic number 20) has 20 electrons, Fluorine (atomic number 9) has 9 electrons, Lithium (atomic number 3) has 3 electrons, Arsenic (atomic number 33) has 33 electrons.

Step3: Find number of valence electrons

Calcium is in group 2, so it has 2 valence electrons. Fluorine is in group 17, so it has 7 valence electrons. Lithium is in group 1, so it has 1 valence electron. Arsenic is in group 15, so it has 5 valence electrons.

Step4: Determine gain/lose electrons

Calcium will lose 2 electrons to achieve a stable - octet. Fluorine will gain 1 electron. Lithium will lose 1 electron. Arsenic will gain 3 electrons.

Step5: Calculate ionic charge

Calcium forms a \(Ca^{2 +}\) ion (charge +2), Fluorine forms \(F^{-}\) (charge - 1), Lithium forms \(Li^{+}\) (charge +1), Arsenic forms \(As^{3 -}\) (charge - 3).

Step6: Draw Lewis structures

Calcium: Ca with no dots (after losing 2 electrons). Fluorine: F with 8 dots around it (after gaining 1 electron). Lithium: Li with no dots (after losing 1 electron). Arsenic: As with 8 dots around it (after gaining 3 electrons).

Answer:

Element Name	Element Symbol	Total # of Electrons	# of Valence Electrons	Gain/Lose Electrons?	Ionic Charge	Lewis Structure
Fluorine	F	9	7	Gain 1	-1	8 dots around F
Lithium	Li	3	1	Lose 1	+1	No dots around Li
Arsenic	As	33	5	Gain 3	-3	8 dots around As