Question

what product is formed in the hydration reaction shown below?
chemical structure + h₂o $xrightarrow{h_2so_4}$
options: structures with oh, and
one of the answers predict the correct product of the reaction.\
question 15 (10 points)
listen
which molecular formula does not represent an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
$\bigcirc$ c₆h₁₂
$\bigcirc$ c₄h₆
$\bigcirc$ c₇h₁₂
$\bigcirc$ c₅h₁₀
$\bigcirc$ c₈h₁₈

Explanation:

First Question (Hydration Reaction)

Step1: Identify Reaction Type

The reaction is the hydration of an alkene (addition of \(H_2O\)) in the presence of \(H_2SO_4\), following Markovnikov's rule: the \(H\) from \(H_2O\) adds to the less substituted carbon of the double bond, and \(OH\) adds to the more substituted carbon.

Step2: Analyze the Alkene Structure

The starting alkene has a double bond with one carbon having two methyl groups (more substituted) and the other having an ethyl and a hydrogen (less substituted).

Step3: Apply Markovnikov's Rule

Upon hydration, \(H\) adds to the less substituted carbon, \(OH\) to the more substituted (tertiary) carbon. The first option has \(OH\) on the tertiary carbon (from the original double - bond's more substituted carbon), matching the Markovnikov - product of hydration (formation of a tertiary alcohol here). The other options either have two \(OH\) groups (not a simple hydration product) or \(OH\) on the wrong carbon.

Step1: Recall Hydrocarbon Types

Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) have the formula \(C_nH_{2n + 2}\). Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes: \(C_nH_{2n}\), alkynes: \(C_nH_{2n-2}\)) have fewer hydrogens.

Step2: Analyze Each Formula

• \(C_6H_{12}\): For \(n = 6\), \(2n=12\), could be an alkene (unsaturated).
• \(C_4H_6\): For \(n = 4\), \(2n - 2=6\), could be an alkyne (unsaturated).
• \(C_7H_{12}\): For \(n = 7\), \(2n-2 = 12\) (alkyne) or cyclic alkene, unsaturated.
• \(C_5H_{10}\): For \(n = 5\), \(2n = 10\), could be an alkene (unsaturated).
• \(C_8H_{18}\): For \(n = 8\), \(2n+2=18\), this is the formula for an alkane (saturated), so it is not an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Answer:

The first option (the structure with \(OH\) on the tertiary carbon, i.e., the first circular - option structure)

Second Question (Unsaturated Hydrocarbon)