Question

i. what is the protestant reformation? directions: watch history 101: the protestant reformation and answer the questions. instrucciones: vea historia 101: la protestant reformation y responda las preguntas. when christianity began it was not a major religion. what happened in the 13th century? cuando comenzó el cristianismo, no era una religión importante. ¿qué pasó en el siglo xiii? the pope is the leader of the catholic church. by the 13th century who had more political and military power, the pope or the kings/rulers of european empires? el papa es el líder de la iglesia católica. en el siglo xiii, ¿quién tenía más poder político y militar, el papa o los reyes/gobemantes de los imperios europeos? how did humanism help to influence the protestant reformation? ¿cómo ayudó el humanismo a influir en la reforma protestante? martin luther believed that the church was abusing its power. he also disagreed with the sale of indulgences. what were indulgences? martin lutero creía que la iglesia estaba abusando de su poder. tampoco estuvo de acuerdo con la venta de indulgencias. ¿qué eran las indulgencias? what happened on october 31, 1517? ¿qué pasó el 31 de octubre de 1517? what happened to martin luther as a result of his actions? ¿qué le sucedió a martin lutero como resultado de sus acciones? how did the printing press help the protestant reformation? ¿cómo ayudó la imprenta a la reforma protestante?

Explanation:

1. In the 13th - century, Christianity had become a dominant and powerful force in Europe, with the Catholic Church playing a central - role in politics, society, and culture.
2. By the 13th century, the Pope often had significant political and sometimes even military influence, though the power dynamics with European rulers were complex and varied by region. In some cases, the Pope could exert more power, while in others, rulers had more autonomy.
3. Humanism emphasized individualism, critical thinking, and the study of classical texts. It led people to question the authority of the Church and seek a more personal and direct relationship with God, which contributed to the ideas of the Protestant Reformation.
4. Indulgences were certificates sold by the Catholic Church that were supposed to reduce the temporal punishment due to sin, either for the living or the dead. They were seen by many, including Martin Luther, as a corrupt practice.
5. On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther is said to have nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, which is considered the starting - point of the Protestant Reformation.
6. As a result of his actions, Martin Luther was excommunicated by the Catholic Church, and his ideas led to the formation of new Protestant denominations. His teachings spread widely, causing religious and social upheaval in Europe.
7. The printing press allowed for the rapid and widespread dissemination of Luther's ideas, Protestant texts, and other reform - related literature. It made it easier for people to access and share information, thus fueling the growth of the Protestant Reformation.

Answer:

1. Christianity became a dominant force in Europe.
2. The power dynamics were complex; sometimes the Pope had more power, sometimes the rulers.
3. It led people to question Church authority and seek a personal relationship with God.
4. Certificates sold to reduce sin punishment.
5. Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to a church door.
6. He was excommunicated, and his ideas formed new denominations.
7. It spread Protestant ideas and literature widely.