Question

• what role did constantinoples trade routes play in the empires wealth?

1. the byzantine church

• the byzantine church was known as the ______________ church.
• what is an icon, and why did disputes about icons cause controversy?
• define patriarch:
• what was the emperors role in the byzantine church?

1. the great schism of 1054

• what does the word \schism\ mean? ______________
• the christian church split into:
• western church: ____________ (led by the ____________)
• eastern church: ____________ (led by the ____________)
• causes of the schism (list at least 2):

1.
2.

• why is the great schism still important today?

1. the military and defense of the empire

• the byzantines used strong defensive walls, including the ______________ walls of constantinople.
• what weapon gave the byzantine navy an advantage?

Explanation:

• Constantinople's trade routes connected Europe and Asia, facilitating the exchange of goods like spices, silk, and precious metals, which greatly contributed to the empire's wealth.
• The Byzantine Church was known as the Eastern Orthodox Church.
• An icon is a religious work of art, usually a painting. Disputes about icons (iconoclasm) caused controversy because some believed they were forms of idolatry while others saw them as aids to worship.
• A patriarch is a high - ranking bishop in the Orthodox Church.
• The emperor in the Byzantine Church had significant influence, often intervening in religious matters and having a say in the appointment of patriarchs.
• "Schism" means a split or division.
• The Western Church was the Roman Catholic Church, led by the Pope. The Eastern Church was the Eastern Orthodox Church, led by patriarchs.
• Causes of the Schism include differences in liturgy (e.g., use of unleavened bread in the West and leavened in the East), and disputes over the authority of the Pope.
• The Great Schism is still important today as it led to the formation of two major branches of Christianity with distinct traditions, practices, and theological emphases.
• The Byzantines used the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople as strong defensive walls.
• Greek fire gave the Byzantine navy an advantage as it was a highly effective incendiary weapon that could burn on water.

Answer:

• What role did Constantinople's trade routes play in the empire's wealth? They connected major trade regions and brought in valuable goods.
• The Byzantine Church was known as the Eastern Orthodox Church.
• What is an icon, and why did disputes about icons cause controversy? An icon is a religious work of art; disputes were over idolatry vs. worship - aid views.
• Define patriarch: A high - ranking bishop in the Orthodox Church.
• What was the emperor's role in the Byzantine Church? Had influence in religious matters and patriarch appointments.
• What does the word "schism" mean? A split or division.
• The Christian Church split into:
• Western Church: Roman Catholic Church (led by the Pope)
• Eastern Church: Eastern Orthodox Church (led by patriarchs)
• Causes of the Schism (list at least 2): Differences in liturgy; disputes over papal authority.
• Why is the Great Schism still important today? Led to two major Christian branches with distinct traditions.
• The Byzantines used strong defensive walls, including the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople.
• What weapon gave the Byzantine navy an advantage? Greek fire.