Question

1. which crusade featured richard the lionhearted and saladin the magnificent
2. the christians retook the holy city of jerusalem in which crusade
3. the crusades weakened this major empire in europe and asia
4. at the time of the crusades, the byzantine empire was under threat of invasion by what forces
5. the crusades led to the growth of power of which two major italian city - states

Explanation:

Sub - Question 1

Richard the Lionhearted (King Richard I of England) and Saladin (Salah ad - Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub) were key figures in the Third Crusade. The Third Crusade was an attempt by European monarchs to recapture Jerusalem after it was taken by Saladin.

The First Crusade (1096 - 1099) resulted in the Christians successfully retaking Jerusalem. The crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

The Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire, which was in Europe and Asia, faced many challenges during the Crusades, including the Fourth Crusade which led to the sacking of Constantinople, and over time, its power and territory diminished.

Answer:

The Third Crusade

Sub - Question 2