Question

which type of succession is sometimes referred to as \old field succession\?
secondary
primary
intermediate

Explanation:

Old field succession occurs in areas that were previously disturbed (e.g., abandoned farm fields) but retain soil and some organic matter, which is the definition of secondary succession. Primary succession starts on barren, lifeless substrates (no soil), and intermediate is a stage, not a type of succession. Thus, the correct answer is secondary.

Answer:

secondary