Question

1. **write the full electron configuration for a neutral sodium atom in its ground state
2. **write the full electron configuration for a neutral sodium atom in its excited state
3. **represent this excited state sodium atom in orbital notation below.
4. *annotate the bohr model of silicon to the right to show how an excited electron would lead to a release of light.
5. explain your annotations from q4.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall sodium's atomic number

Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, so a neutral sodium atom has 11 electrons.

Step2: Write ground - state electron configuration

Using the Aufbau principle, the ground - state electron configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}$.

Step3: Write an example of excited - state electron configuration

An excited - state could be when the electron in 3s jumps to 3p. So the electron configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3p^{1}$.

Step4: Orbital notation for excited state

For the excited - state $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3p^{1}$, in orbital notation:
1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
3p: $\uparrow$

Step5: Annotate Bohr model for silicon

In the Bohr model of silicon (atomic number 14), electrons are in shells. When an excited electron drops from a higher - energy shell to a lower - energy shell, it releases a photon of light. We can annotate the Bohr model by showing an electron moving from a higher shell (e.g., n = 3) to a lower shell (e.g., n = 2) and label the arrow representing the electron transition with "photon emitted".

Step6: Explain annotations

An electron in a higher - energy level is unstable. When it moves to a lower - energy level, the energy difference is released as a photon of light. The energy of the photon is given by $E = h
u$, where $h$ is Planck's constant and $
u$ is the frequency of the light.

Answer:

1. Ground - state electron configuration of sodium: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}$
2. Excited - state electron configuration of sodium (example): $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3p^{1}$
3. Orbital notation for the above - mentioned excited state:

1s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2s: $\uparrow\downarrow$
2p: $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$ $\uparrow\downarrow$
3p: $\uparrow$

1. Annotate the Bohr model of silicon: Show an electron moving from a higher shell to a lower shell and label it "photon emitted".
2. Explanation: An electron in a higher energy level is unstable. When it moves to a lower energy level, the energy difference is released as a photon of light with energy $E = h

u$.