Question

1. choose water in the simulator. identify which state of matter is occurring at the temperatures below:

temperature	state of matter
90 degrees celsius	liquid
110 degrees celsius	solid
-20 degrees celsius	gas
20 degrees celsius	solid

1. list the states of matter from most energy to least energy:

blank

1. when a substance undergoes boiling, do the particles move faster or slower? blank

do the particles move closer together or further apart? blank

1. when a substance undergoes condensation, do particles move faster or slower? blank

do the particles move closer together or further apart? blank

1. when a substance undergoes freezing, do particles move faster or slower? blank

do the particles move closer together or further apart? blank

Explanation:

Question 14 (Correcting the State of Matter for Water at Given Temperatures)

Step 1: Recall Water's Phase Transitions

Water freezes at \(0^\circ \text{C}\) (becomes solid, ice) and boils at \(100^\circ \text{C}\) (becomes gas, steam). At temperatures between \(0^\circ \text{C}\) and \(100^\circ \text{C}\), water is liquid. Below \(0^\circ \text{C}\), it is solid; above \(100^\circ \text{C}\), it is gas.

Step 2: Analyze Each Temperature

• \(40^\circ \text{C}\): Between \(0^\circ \text{C}\) and \(100^\circ \text{C}\) → Liquid
• \(90^\circ \text{C}\): Between \(0^\circ \text{C}\) and \(100^\circ \text{C}\) → Liquid
• \(110^\circ \text{C}\): Above \(100^\circ \text{C}\) → Gas
• \(-20^\circ \text{C}\): Below \(0^\circ \text{C}\) → Solid (Ice)
• \(20^\circ \text{C}\): Between \(0^\circ \text{C}\) and \(100^\circ \text{C}\) → Liquid

In the gaseous state, particles move freely and rapidly, having the highest kinetic energy. In the liquid state, particles have moderate energy (more than solids, less than gases). In the solid state, particles vibrate in fixed positions, having the lowest kinetic energy. So the order from most to least energy is gas, liquid, solid.

Boiling is the transition from liquid to gas (vaporization at boiling point). During boiling, heat is added, increasing the kinetic energy of particles. So particles move faster (higher energy) and spread out, moving further apart (as gas has more space between particles than liquid).

Answer:

(Corrected Table):

Temperature	State of Matter
90 degrees Celsius	Liquid
110 degrees Celsius	Gas
-20 degrees Celsius	Solid (Ice)
20 degrees Celsius	Liquid

Question 15 (States of Matter from Most to Least Energy)