Question

name brandon hmultiple choice: circle the correct multiple choice answer and write the answer on the line1. ____ electronegativity generally increases as we move ....a. down a group and from right to left across a periodb. up a group and from left to right across a periodc. up a group and from right to left across a periodd. down a group, the period position has no effect2. __ the most electronegative atom isa. chlorine c. bromineb. fluorine d. helium3. __ atomic radius generally increases as we move ...a. down a group and from right to left across a periodb. down a group and from left to right across a periodc. up a group and from right to left across a periodd. down a group; the period position has no effect4. __ the atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because..a. the effective nuclear charge also known as the attraction between the nucleus and electrons increases down a groupb. the effective nuclear charge decreases down a groupc. the principal quantum number also known as the energy levels/ orbitals increasesd. both the effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of the atom increases5. __ ionization energy __from left to right within a period and __ from top to bottom within a group.a. decreases, increases c. increases, decreasesb. increases, increases d. stays the same, increases6. __ reactivity of a metal generally increases as we move ....a. down a group and from right to left across a periodb. down a group and from left to right across a periodc. up a group and from right to left across a periodd. all metals have the same reactivity__ reactivity of a non metal generally increases as we move ....a. down a group and from right to left across a periodb. down a group and from left to right across a periodc. up a group and from left to right excluding the noble gasesd. all the non-metals have the same reactivity____ the most reactive non-metal isa. chlorine c. bromineb. fluorine d. helium

Explanation:

1. Electronegativity rises with higher nuclear charge (left to right across a period) and decreases with larger atomic size (down a group), so it increases up a group and left to right across a period.
2. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value (3.98) on the Pauling scale, making it the most electronegative atom.
3. Atomic radius increases down a group (more electron shells) and from right to left across a period (decreasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer).
4. Down a group, the principal quantum number (energy level) increases, adding full electron shells that shield outer electrons from the nucleus, increasing atomic radius.
5. Ionization energy increases left to right across a period (higher nuclear charge holds electrons tighter) and decreases down a group (electrons are farther from the nucleus, easier to remove).
6. Metal reactivity increases down a group (easier to lose outer electrons) and from right to left across a period (fewer valence electrons to lose).
7. Non-metal reactivity increases up a group (stronger attraction for electrons) and left to right across a period (higher electronegativity), excluding noble gases which are inert.
8. Fluorine is the most reactive non-metal due to its high electronegativity and small atomic size, allowing it to easily gain electrons.

Answer:

1. b. up a group and from left to right across a period
2. b. Fluorine
3. a. down a group and from right to left across a period
4. c. the principal quantum number [also known as the energy levels/ orbitals] increases
5. c. increases, decreases
6. a. down a group and from right to left across a period
7. c. up a group and from left to right excluding the noble gases
8. b. Fluorine