Question

2025 - quiz chapters 11 & 12

1. central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

a) slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the ph of the cerebrospinal fluid.
b) slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the ph of the cerebrospinal fluid.
c) decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the ph of the cerebrospinal fluid.
d) increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the ph of the cerebrospinal fluid.

1. cpap is indicated for patients who:

a) have signs of pneumonia but are breathing adequately.
b) are unresponsive and have signs of inadequate ventilation.
c) have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.
d) are hypotensive and have a marked reduction in tidal volume.

1. how does cpap improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

a) it forces the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli.
b) it pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung.
c) it decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion.
d) it prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation.

1. in which of the following patients would the head tilt - chin lift maneuver be the most appropriate method of opening the airway?

a) a 24 - year - old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree
b) a 37 - year - old female who is found unconscious in her bed
c) a 45 - year - old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet
d) a 50 - year - old male who is unconscious following head trauma

1. prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the:

a) one - way valve is sealed.
b) flow rate is set at 6 l/min.
c) reservoir bag is fully inflated.
d) patient has reduced tidal volume.

1. proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

a) continuously suctioning patients with copious oral secretions.
b) suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.
c) removing large, solid objects with a tonsil - tip suction catheter.
d) suctioning for up to 1 minute if the patient is well oxygenated.

Explanation:

1. Central chemoreceptors in the medulla are sensitive to changes in carbon - dioxide levels and cerebrospinal fluid pH. An increase in carbon dioxide or a decrease in pH (more acidic) stimulates them to increase breathing rate and depth.
2. CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) is used for patients with pulmonary edema who can follow verbal commands as it helps in improving oxygenation and ventilation without the need for invasive ventilation in cooperative patients.
3. CPAP works by forcing the alveoli open and increasing the oxygen concentration in the alveoli, which improves oxygenation and ventilation.
4. The head - tilt chin - lift maneuver is used for unconscious patients without suspected spinal injury. A patient found unconscious in bed without any indication of spinal trauma is a suitable candidate.
5. Before applying a non - rebreather mask, the reservoir bag must be fully inflated to ensure the patient receives a high concentration of oxygen.
6. The proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient is to suction while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx to avoid tissue damage and effectively remove secretions.

Answer:

1. A. slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
2. C. have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.
3. A. It forces the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli.
4. B. A 37 - year - old female who is found unconscious in her bed
5. C. reservoir bag is fully inflated.
6. B. suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.