active reading
section: the geosphere
read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
if we consider the physical properties of each layer, instead of chemistry, the earth can be divided into five layers. earth’s outer layer is the lithosphere. it is a cool, rigid layer, 15 km to 300 km thick, and includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. it is divided into huge pieces called tectonic plates. the asthenosphere is the layer beneath the lithosphere. the asthenosphere is a plastic, solid layer of the mantle made of rock that flows very slowly and allows tectonic plates to move on top of it. beneath the asthenosphere is the mesosphere, the lower part of the mantle.
the earth’s outer core is a dense liquid layer. at the center of the earth is the dense, solid inner core, which is made up mostly of the metals iron and nickel. the temperature of the inner core is estimated to be between 4,000°c to 5,000°c. it is solid because it is under enormous pressure. earth’s outer and inner core together make up about one-third of earth’s mass.

identifying main ideas
one reading skill is the ability to identify the main idea of a passage. the main idea is the main focus or key idea. frequently, a main idea is accompanied by supporting information that offers detailed facts about main ideas.

in the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.
1. earth can be divided into how many physical layers?
a. five b. ... (options)

vocabulary development
in the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
5. lithosphere
6. mesosphere
7. tectonic plates
8. inner core
9. asthenosphere
10. outer core
a. dense layer made of iron and nickel
b. rigid layer that includes crust and upper mantle
c. plastic, solid layer of slow-flowing rock
d. lower part of mantle
e. huge pieces of the lithosphere
f. dense liquid layer

sequencing information
one reading skill is the ability to sequence information, or to logically place items or events in the order in which they occur.
write the names of the earth’s physical layers in sequence, from the outermost layer to the innermost layer.
11. __________
12. __________
13. __________
14. __________
15. __________

recognizing similarities and differences
one reading skill is the ability to recognize similarities and differences between two phrases, ideas, or things. this is sometimes known as comparing and contrasting.
read the following question and write the answer in the space provided.
16. how are the outer core and the inner core alike? how are they different?

Question

active reading
section: the geosphere
read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
if we consider the physical properties of each layer, instead of chemistry, the earth can be divided into five layers. earth’s outer layer is the lithosphere. it is a cool, rigid layer, 15 km to 300 km thick, and includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. it is divided into huge pieces called tectonic plates. the asthenosphere is the layer beneath the lithosphere. the asthenosphere is a plastic, solid layer of the mantle made of rock that flows very slowly and allows tectonic plates to move on top of it. beneath the asthenosphere is the mesosphere, the lower part of the mantle.
the earth’s outer core is a dense liquid layer. at the center of the earth is the dense, solid inner core, which is made up mostly of the metals iron and nickel. the temperature of the inner core is estimated to be between 4,000°c to 5,000°c. it is solid because it is under enormous pressure. earth’s outer and inner core together make up about one-third of earth’s mass.

identifying main ideas
one reading skill is the ability to identify the main idea of a passage. the main idea is the main focus or key idea. frequently, a main idea is accompanied by supporting information that offers detailed facts about main ideas.

in the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.
1. earth can be divided into how many physical layers?
a. five  b. ... (options)

vocabulary development
in the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
5. lithosphere
6. mesosphere
7. tectonic plates
8. inner core
9. asthenosphere
10. outer core
a. dense layer made of iron and nickel
b. rigid layer that includes crust and upper mantle
c. plastic, solid layer of slow-flowing rock
d. lower part of mantle
e. huge pieces of the lithosphere
f. dense liquid layer

sequencing information
one reading skill is the ability to sequence information, or to logically place items or events in the order in which they occur.
write the names of the earth’s physical layers in sequence, from the outermost layer to the innermost layer.
11. __________
12. __________
13. __________
14. __________
15. __________

recognizing similarities and differences
one reading skill is the ability to recognize similarities and differences between two phrases, ideas, or things. this is sometimes known as comparing and contrasting.
read the following question and write the answer in the space provided.
16. how are the outer core and the inner core alike? how are they different?

Accepted Answer

### Question 1: Earth can be divided into how many physical layers?
#### Explanation:
From the passage: "If we consider the physical properties of each layer, instead of chemistry, the Earth can be divided into five layers." So we refer to this statement to find the number of physical layers.
#### Answer:
a. five

### Vocabulary Development (assuming we need to solve the remaining or check, let's take question 6: mesosphere)
#### Explanation:
From the passage: "Beneath the asthenosphere is the mesosphere, the lower part of the mantle." And from the vocabulary options, the description for mesosphere should match. The option c is "plastic, slow - flowing rock" (the mesosphere is part of the mantle which has slow - flowing, plastic - like properties). Wait, no, let's re - check. Wait the mantle's lower part (mesosphere) and the asthenosphere (upper mantle) has different properties? Wait the passage says "The asthenosphere is a plastic, solid layer of the mantle made of rock that flows very slowly and allows tectonic plates to move on top of it. Beneath the asthenosphere is the mesosphere, the lower part of the mantle." Wait maybe I misread. Wait the vocabulary options: c is "plastic, slow - flowing rock", d is "lower part of mantle", g is "asthenosphere", etc. Wait the mesosphere is the lower part of the mantle, so the answer for 6 (mesosphere) should be d? Wait no, the original filled answer in the image for 5 is b (lithosphere: rigid layer that includes crust and upper mantle), 6: let's see the options. The options for the descriptions are: a. dense layer made of iron and nickel; b. rigid layer that includes crust and upper mantle; c. plastic, slow - flowing rock; d. lower part of mantle; e. huge pieces of the lithosphere; f. dense liquid layer; g. asthenosphere? Wait no, the terms are 5. lithosphere, 6. mesosphere, 7. tectonic plates, 8. inner core, 9. asthenosphere, 10. outer core. The descriptions are a - f. So for 6. mesosphere: the passage says "Beneath the asthenosphere is the mesosphere, the lower part of the mantle." So the description for mesosphere is d. lower part of mantle. So:

### Question 6: mesosphere
#### Explanation:
The passage states that the mesosphere is the lower part of the mantle, so we match it with option d.
#### Answer:
d

### Question 7: tectonic plates
#### Explanation:
The passage says "the lithosphere... is divided into huge pieces called tectonic plates", so the description for tectonic plates is e. huge pieces of the lithosphere.
#### Answer:
e

### Question 8: inner core
#### Explanation:
The passage says "The Earth's inner core is the dense, solid inner core... made up mostly of the metals iron and nickel" and "It is solid because it is under enormous pressure. Earth's outer and inner core together make up about one - third of Earth's mass." Also, the description a is "dense layer made of iron and nickel" which matches the inner core (and outer core? Wait no, outer core is liquid. Wait the inner core is solid and made of iron and nickel, outer core is liquid (f. dense liquid layer). Wait the term 8 is inner core, so description a? Wait the original filled answer in the image for 10 (outer core) is A, which is a? No, wait the term 10 is outer core, and the description a is "dense layer made of iron and nickel" but outer core is liquid. Wait maybe a typo. Wait the passage says "The Earth's outer core is a dense liquid layer. At the center of the Earth is the dense, solid inner core, which is made up mostly of the metals iron and nickel." So outer core is liquid (f), inner core is solid (a? No, a says "dense layer made of iron and nickel" – both inner and outer core are made of iron and nickel, but inner is solid, outer is liquid. Wait the term 8 is inner core, so the description for inner core: the passage says it's solid, made of iron and nickel. The description a is "dense layer made of iron and nickel" – maybe that's the best match. So for 8. inner core:
#### Explanation:
The inner core is a dense layer made of iron and nickel (and solid), so it matches description a.
#### Answer:
a

### Question 9: asthenosphere
#### Explanation:
The passage says "The asthenosphere is a plastic, solid layer of the mantle made of rock that flows very slowly", so it matches description c. plastic, slow - flowing rock.
#### Answer:
c

### Question 10: outer core
#### Explanation:
The passage says "The Earth's outer core is a dense liquid layer", so it matches description f. dense liquid layer.
#### Answer:
f

### Sequencing (11 - 15: Earth's physical layers from outermost to innermost)
The outermost layer is the lithosphere (5), then asthenosphere (9), then mesosphere (6), then outer core (10), then inner core (8). So:

#### Step 1: Identify the outermost layer.
The outermost physical layer is the lithosphere.
#### Step 2: Next layer.
Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere.
#### Step 3: Next layer.
Beneath the asthenosphere is the mesosphere.
#### Step 4: Next layer.
Beneath the mesosphere is the outer core.
#### Step 5: Innermost layer.
The innermost layer is the inner core.

So the sequence from outermost to innermost is:
11. Lithosphere
12. Asthenosphere
13. Mesosphere
14. Outer Core
15. Inner Core

### Question 16: How are the outer core and the inner core alike? How are they different?
#### Explanation:
- **Similarities**: From the passage, both the outer core and the inner core are made mostly of the metals iron and nickel. They are also both dense layers at the center of the Earth.
- **Differences**: The outer core is a liquid layer, while the inner core is a solid layer. The temperature of the inner core is estimated to be between 4,000°C to 5,000°C, and the outer core is also hot but the inner core is under more pressure (which makes it solid while the outer core is liquid).

#### Answer:
- **Similarities**: Both are made mostly of iron and nickel and are dense layers at the Earth's center.
- **Differences**: The outer core is a liquid layer, and the inner core is a solid layer. The inner core is under more pressure (and has a higher temperature range that keeps it solid) while the outer core is liquid.

Sovi.AI - AI Math Tutor

QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 1: Earth can be divided into how many physical layers?

Question 6: mesosphere

Answer:

Vocabulary Development (assuming we need to solve the remaining or check, let's take question 6: mesosphere)