Question

2.4 chemical reaction 6o₂ + c₆h₁₂o₆ 1. 2. 6co₂ + 6h₂o 3. bond energy: chemical equilibrium: exothermic: energy reaction progress 4. 5. 6. 7. endothermic: energy reaction progress 8. 9. 10. 11. copyright by mcdougal littell, a division of houghton mifflin company

Explanation:

Step1: Identify parts of chemical reaction

In a chemical reaction \( 6O_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6
ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O \) (cellular respiration or combustion of glucose), 1. is Reactants (substances before reaction: \( O_2 \) and \( C_6H_{12}O_6 \)), 2. is Arrow (Reaction Direction) (shows conversion from reactants to products), 3. is Products (substances after reaction: \( CO_2 \) and \( H_2O \)).

Step2: Define Bond Energy

Bond energy: Energy required to break a chemical bond (or released when formed). It determines if reaction is exothermic/endothermic.

Step3: Define Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium: State where rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction; concentrations of reactants/products remain constant.

Step4: Exothermic Graph (4.,5.,6.,7.)

• 4. Reactants Energy Level (initial energy of reactants in exothermic reaction).
• 5. Activation Energy (energy needed to start reaction, difference between reactants and transition state).
• 6. Energy Released (exothermic: products have less energy than reactants, so energy is released; \( \Delta E = E_{products} - E_{reactants} < 0 \)).
• 7. Products Energy Level (final energy of products, lower than reactants in exothermic).

Step5: Endothermic Graph (8.,9.,10.,11.)

• 8. Reactants Energy Level (initial energy of reactants in endothermic reaction).
• 9. Activation Energy (energy needed to start reaction, same concept as exothermic but products have higher energy).
• 10. Energy Absorbed (endothermic: products have more energy than reactants, so energy is absorbed; \( \Delta E = E_{products} - E_{reactants} > 0 \)).
• 11. Products Energy Level (final energy of products, higher than reactants in endothermic).

Answer:

1. Reactants
2. Reaction Arrow (→)
3. Products

Bond energy: Energy required to break (or released when forming) a chemical bond.
Chemical equilibrium: State where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal (reactant/product concentrations constant).
Exothermic:

1. Reactants (Energy Level)
2. Activation Energy
3. Energy Released (ΔE < 0)
4. Products (Energy Level, lower than reactants)

Endothermic:

1. Reactants (Energy Level)
2. Activation Energy
3. Energy Absorbed (ΔE > 0)
4. Products (Energy Level, higher than reactants)