Question

cohesion vs. adhesion
★ cohesion
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____________________
★ this is why water sticks together as a fluid and forms droplets on surfaces.
★ adhesion
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____________________
★ this is why water will adhere to other molecules and surfaces.
★ ______ in water is directly caused by the fact that ______
★ water ________ because it is capable of

Explanation:

To solve the fill - in - the - blanks related to cohesion and adhesion of water, we analyze the concepts:

For the "Cohesion" section:

• Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance. In the case of water, water molecules are polar, and they are attracted to each other due to hydrogen bonding. So the sentence "This is why water sticks together as a fluid and forms droplets on surfaces." is explained by the fact that cohesion is the intermolecular attraction between water molecules. So we can fill in the blank with "Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules (due to hydrogen bonding)".

For the "Adhesion" section:

• Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances. Water is polar, and it can form attractions with other polar or charged molecules/surfaces. So the sentence "This is why water will adhere to other molecules and surfaces." is explained by the fact that adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and molecules of other substances (like polar or charged surfaces/objects). So we can fill in the blank with "Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and other polar/charged molecules/surfaces".

For the part about water (the left - hand side blanks):

• The property of water related to cohesion and adhesion that makes it capable of many things (like capillary action, being a good solvent etc.) is due to its polarity and hydrogen bonding. If we consider the blank "__ in water is directly caused by the fact that " and "Water because it is capable of __", we know that the high surface tension of water is directly caused by cohesion (the strong attraction between water molecules). And water is a good solvent (or shows capillary action, or has high specific heat etc.) because it is capable of forming hydrogen bonds (and due to its polarity). For example, we can fill: "High surface tension" in water is directly caused by the fact that "water molecules are strongly attracted to each other (cohesion)". And "Water is a good solvent" because it is capable of "forming hydrogen bonds with and surrounding polar/ionic solute molecules".

If we focus on the cohesion and adhesion definitions:

• For the cohesion description blank (above the car surface diagram): Cohesion is the attractive force between molecules of the same substance (water, in this case). So we can write "Cohesion: The attraction between water molecules (due to hydrogen bonding)".
• For the adhesion description blank (above the diagram with the polar object): Adhesion is the attractive force between molecules of different substances (water and the polar/charged object or other surfaces). So we can write "Adhesion: The attraction between water molecules and molecules of other polar/charged substances (or surfaces)".

If we assume the blanks are for defining cohesion and adhesion:

for Cohesion blank:

Step 1: Recall the definition of cohesion.

Cohesion is the intermolecular force between molecules of the same substance. For water, it's the attraction between water molecules.

Step 2: Relate to the example.

In the car surface example, water sticks together (forms a droplet) because of cohesion. So the blank can be filled with "Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules (due to hydrogen bonding)".

for Adhesion blank:

Step 1: Recall the definition of adhesion.

Adhesion is the intermolecular force between molecules of different substances. For water, it's the attraction between water molecules and other molecules (like polar or charged surfaces).

Step 2: Relate to the example.

In the polar object example, water adheres to the polar object and other surfaces because of adhesion. So the blank can be filled with "Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and molecules of other polar/charged substances (or surfaces)".

If we consider the water property blanks:

for the first water - related blank:

Step 1: Identify the property.

A key property of water related to cohesion is surface tension. Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area possible, and it's caused by cohesion.

Step 2: Fill the blank.

So "High surface tension" in water is directly caused by the fact that "water molecules are strongly attracted to each other (cohesion)".

Answer:

for the second water - related blank:

Step 1: Identify the capability.

Water is a good solvent because of its polarity (and hydrogen bonding), which allows it to interact with polar and ionic solutes.

Step 2: Fill the blank.

"Water is a good solvent" because it is capable of "forming hydrogen bonds with and surrounding polar/ionic solute molecules".

Final Answers (for the main cohesion and adhesion definition blanks):

• Cohesion blank: Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules (due to hydrogen bonding)
• Adhesion blank: Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and molecules of other polar/charged substances (or surfaces)

(If the blanks are for the water property part, the answers would be adjusted accordingly, e.g., "High surface tension" and "water molecules are strongly attracted to each other (cohesion)" for the first water - related blank - pair, and "is a good solvent" and "forming hydrogen bonds with and surrounding polar/ionic solute molecules" for the second water - related blank - pair)