Question

covalent compounds can be represented by bohr model diagrams and lewis dot structures. in a lewis dot structure, bonding electrons are represented by a pair of dots or a single line between the atoms. unshared electron pairs around the outside of the atoms are called nonbonding electrons or lone pairs. select the true statements. a chlorine molecule has 14 total valence electrons. a single line between two atoms represents one shared electron. there are three lone pairs in a chlorine molecule. there are two bonding electrons in a chlorine molecule.

Explanation:

Step1: Determine valence - electrons of chlorine

Chlorine (Cl) is in group 17 of the periodic table, so each Cl atom has 7 valence electrons. In a $Cl_2$ molecule, the total number of valence electrons is $7 + 7=14$. So the statement "A chlorine molecule has 14 total valence electrons" is true.

Step2: Understand Lewis - structure bonding representation

In a Lewis dot structure, a single line between two atoms represents a single bond, which consists of 2 shared electrons (a pair of electrons), not 1. So the statement "A single line between two atoms represents one shared electron" is false.

Step3: Analyze lone - pairs in $Cl_2$

In a $Cl_2$ molecule, each Cl atom has 3 non - bonding electron pairs (lone pairs) around it. So in total, there are 6 lone - pair electrons (3 on each Cl atom), but the statement "There are three lone pairs in a chlorine molecule" is false as it should be 6 lone - pair electrons or 3 lone pairs on each Cl atom.

Step4: Determine bonding electrons in $Cl_2$

In a $Cl_2$ molecule, there is a single bond between the two Cl atoms. A single bond consists of 2 bonding electrons. So the statement "There are two bonding electrons in a chlorine molecule" is true.

Answer:

A. A chlorine molecule has 14 total valence electrons.
D. There are two bonding electrons in a chlorine molecule.