Question

create dot diagrams for each of the following elements/ions. only use your periodic table and your knowledge of the three rules to complete this task.

1. ne

1. na⁺

1. al

1. p

1. fe

Explanation:

1. Ne (Neon)

Step1: Determine atomic number

Neon (Ne) has an atomic number of 10, so it has 10 protons and 10 electrons (neutral atom).

Step2: Electron configuration

Electrons fill shells: 1st shell (n=1) holds max 2, 2nd shell (n=2) holds max 8. For Ne: 2 electrons in n=1, 8 in n=2.

Step3: Draw Bohr diagram

• Nucleus: Label "Ne" and write 10 (protons + neutrons, but for Bohr, focus on electrons).
• 1st shell: Draw a circle, place 2 electrons (dots or crosses).
• 2nd shell: Draw a circle around 1st, place 8 electrons.

Step1: Atomic number of Na

Sodium (Na) has atomic number 11, so neutral Na has 11 electrons. $\ce{Na^{+1}}$ has lost 1 electron, so 10 electrons.

Step2: Electron configuration

1st shell: 2, 2nd shell: 8 (since 2 + 8 = 10).

Step3: Draw Bohr diagram

• Nucleus: Label "Na⁺" (or "Na" with +1 charge).
• 1st shell: 2 electrons.
• 2nd shell: 8 electrons.

Step1: Atomic number of Al

Aluminum (Al) has atomic number 13, so 13 electrons.

Step2: Electron configuration

1st shell: 2, 2nd shell: 8, 3rd shell: 3 (2 + 8 + 3 = 13).

Step3: Draw Bohr diagram

• Nucleus: Label "Al".
• 1st shell: 2 electrons.
• 2nd shell: 8 electrons.
• 3rd shell: 3 electrons.

Answer:

Bohr diagram for Ne: Nucleus (Ne) with 2 electrons in first shell, 8 in second shell.

2. $\boldsymbol{\ce{Na^{+1}}}$ (Sodium ion)