demonstrate understanding
1. create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.
2. describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.
3. classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical property.
a. iron and oxygen form rust.
b. iron is more dense than aluminum.
c. magnesium burns brightly when ignited.
d. oil and water do not mix.
e. mercury melts at −39°c.

Question

demonstrate understanding
1. create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.
2. describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.
3. classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical property.
   a. iron and oxygen form rust.
   b. iron is more dense than aluminum.
   c. magnesium burns brightly when ignited.
   d. oil and water do not mix.
   e. mercury melts at −39°c.

Accepted Answer

### Sub - question 1: Create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Identify the four states of matter
The four common states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
## Step 2: Determine the properties to describe
Properties like shape, volume, particle arrangement, particle motion, and compressibility are relevant.
## Step 3: Fill in the table with property details for each state
| State of Matter | Shape | Volume | Particle Arrangement | Particle Motion | Compressibility |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Solid | Definite | Definite | Closely packed, ordered | Vibrate in fixed positions | Low (negligible) |
| Liquid | Indefinite (takes shape of container) | Definite | Closely packed, less ordered than solid | Move freely, slide past each other | Low (negligible) |
| Gas | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Far apart, random | Move freely, rapidly in all directions | High |
| Plasma | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Ions and free electrons, highly disordered | Move very rapidly, collide frequently | High |

# Answer:
| State of Matter | Shape | Volume | Particle Arrangement | Particle Motion | Compressibility |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Solid | Definite | Definite | Closely packed, ordered | Vibrate in fixed positions | Low (negligible) |
| Liquid | Indefinite (takes shape of container) | Definite | Closely packed, less ordered than solid | Move freely, slide past each other | Low (negligible) |
| Gas | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Far apart, random | Move freely, rapidly in all directions | High |
| Plasma | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Ions and free electrons, highly disordered | Move very rapidly, collide frequently | High |

### Sub - question 2: Describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.
# Brief Explanations:
A substance is a form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition. It can be an element (composed of only one type of atom) or a compound (composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined in a fixed ratio). Substances have definite chemical and physical properties. For example, a substance like water ($H_2O$) always has the same chemical composition (2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom per molecule) and characteristic physical properties like a boiling point of $100^{\circ}C$ at standard pressure and a freezing point of $0^{\circ}C$. It cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical means (like filtration or distillation) without a chemical change.
# Answer:
A substance has a uniform, unchanging composition (either an element or a compound with a fixed atom - ratio), definite chemical and physical properties, and cannot be separated into other matter by physical means without a chemical change.

### Sub - question 3: Classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical property.
#### Part (a): Iron and oxygen form rust.
# Brief Explanations:
A chemical property is a property that describes a substance's ability to undergo a chemical change (react with other substances to form new substances). The formation of rust (iron oxide) from iron and oxygen is a chemical reaction, so this describes the ability of iron to react with oxygen, which is a chemical property.
# Answer:
Chemical property

#### Part (b): Iron is more dense than aluminum.
# Brief Explanations:
Density is a physical property because it can be measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance. Comparing the density of iron and aluminum does not involve a chemical reaction or a change in the chemical composition of either metal.
# Answer:
Physical property

#### Part (c): Magnesium burns brightly when ignited.
# Brief Explanations:
Burning is a chemical reaction (combustion) where magnesium reacts with oxygen. The ability of magnesium to burn (react with oxygen to produce light, heat, and new substances like magnesium oxide) is a chemical property as it describes the substance's reactivity.
# Answer:
Chemical property

#### Part (d): Oil and water do not mix.
# Brief Explanations:
The inability of oil and water to mix is related to their physical properties (like polarity). This property can be observed without changing the chemical identity of oil or water, so it is a physical property.
# Answer:
Physical property

#### Part (e): Mercury melts at $- 39^{\circ}C$.
# Brief Explanations:
Melting point is a physical property because it describes the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state, and this change is a physical change (the chemical identity of mercury remains the same).
# Answer:
Physical property

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Sub - question 1: Create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.

Step 1: Identify the four states of matter

Step 2: Determine the properties to describe

Step 3: Fill in the table with property details for each state

Answer:

Sub - question 2: Describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.

State of Matter	Shape	Volume	Particle Arrangement	Particle Motion	Compressibility
Liquid	Indefinite (takes shape of container)	Definite	Closely packed, less ordered than solid	Move freely, slide past each other	Low (negligible)
Gas	Indefinite (fills container)	Indefinite (fills container)	Far apart, random	Move freely, rapidly in all directions	High
Plasma	Indefinite (fills container)	Indefinite (fills container)	Ions and free electrons, highly disordered	Move very rapidly, collide frequently	High