Question

1. for each of the following molecules in the table below, determine if it is polar, nonpolar, or ionic. show your work by listing the electronegativities of each element in the bond.

molecule	electronegativity values	difference in electronegativity	bond type
h - h	h: <br>h:
h - i	h: <br>i:
cl - cl	cl: <br>cl:
c - o	c: <br>o:
ca - o	ca: <br>o:
h₂o	h: <br>o:
al - fe	al: <br>fe:

Explanation:

Step1: Recall electronegativity values

H: 2.1, Cl: 3.0, I: 2.5, C: 2.5, O: 3.5, Ca: 1.0, Al: 1.5, Fe: 1.8

Step2: Calculate electronegativity difference for H - Cl

$|3.0 - 2.1|= 0.9$. Since $0 < 0.9< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step3: Calculate electronegativity difference for H - H

$|2.1 - 2.1| = 0$. Since the difference is 0, it is non - polar.

Step4: Calculate electronegativity difference for H - I

$|2.5 - 2.1|=0.4$. Since $0 < 0.4< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step5: Calculate electronegativity difference for Cl - Cl

$|3.0 - 3.0| = 0$. Since the difference is 0, it is non - polar.

Step6: Calculate electronegativity difference for C - O

$|3.5 - 2.5| = 1.0$. Since $0 < 1.0< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step7: Calculate electronegativity difference for Ca - O

$|3.5 - 1.0|= 2.5$. Since $2.5>1.7$, it is ionic.

Step8: Calculate electronegativity difference for H₂O (H - O)

$|3.5 - 2.1| = 1.4$. Since $0 < 1.4< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step9: Calculate electronegativity difference for Al - Fe

$|1.8 - 1.5|=0.3$. Since $0 < 0.3< 1.7$, it is polar.

Molecule	Electronegativity Values	Difference in Electronegativity	Bond Type
H - H	H: 2.1, H: 2.1	0	Non - polar
H - I	H: 2.1, I: 2.5	0.4	Polar
Cl - Cl	Cl: 3.0, Cl: 3.0	0	Non - polar
C - O	C: 2.5, O: 3.5	1.0	Polar
Ca - O	Ca: 1.0, O: 3.5	2.5	Ionic
H₂O	H: 2.1, O: 3.5	1.4	Polar
Al - Fe	Al: 1.5, Fe: 1.8	0.3	Polar

Answer:

Molecule	Electronegativity Values	Difference in Electronegativity	Bond Type
H - H	H: 2.1, H: 2.1	0	Non - polar
H - I	H: 2.1, I: 2.5	0.4	Polar
Cl - Cl	Cl: 3.0, Cl: 3.0	0	Non - polar
C - O	C: 2.5, O: 3.5	1.0	Polar
Ca - O	Ca: 1.0, O: 3.5	2.5	Ionic
H₂O	H: 2.1, O: 3.5	1.4	Polar
Al - Fe	Al: 1.5, Fe: 1.8	0.3	Polar