Question

ii. electronegativity- is ability of an atom to _____________ to itself to itself to become ________ (____ electrons)

1. by referring to the bohr’s atomic model/ group no., encircle the more electronegative element.

a. o (group__) or f (group) because it only needs ____ electrons to complete its octet
b. ca (group__) or se (group) because it only needs _____ electrons to complete its octet

Explanation:

Part II: Electronegativity Definition

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself to become stable (by gaining electrons).

1a: O vs. F

• Oxygen (O) is in Group 16 (has 6 valence electrons, needs \( 8 - 6 = 2 \) electrons to complete octet).
• Fluorine (F) is in Group 17 (has 7 valence electrons, needs \( 8 - 7 = 1 \) electron to complete octet).
• More electronegative: \( \boldsymbol{\text{F}} \) (Group 17), needs 1 electron.

1b: Ca vs. Se

• Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 (loses electrons, not gain; octet via losing 2 electrons).
• Selenium (Se) is in Group 16 (has 6 valence electrons, needs \( 8 - 6 = 2 \) electrons to complete octet).
• More electronegative: \( \boldsymbol{\text{Se}} \) (Group 16), needs 2 electrons.

Final Answers (Filling Blanks):

• Electronegativity: attract electrons; stable; gaining
• 1a: O (Group 16) or \( \boldsymbol{\text{F}} \) (Group 17) because it needs \( \boldsymbol{1} \) electron.
• 1b: Ca (Group 2) or \( \boldsymbol{\text{Se}} \) (Group 16) because it needs \( \boldsymbol{2} \) electrons.

Answer:

Part II: Electronegativity Definition

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself to become stable (by gaining electrons).

1a: O vs. F

• Oxygen (O) is in Group 16 (has 6 valence electrons, needs \( 8 - 6 = 2 \) electrons to complete octet).
• Fluorine (F) is in Group 17 (has 7 valence electrons, needs \( 8 - 7 = 1 \) electron to complete octet).
• More electronegative: \( \boldsymbol{\text{F}} \) (Group 17), needs 1 electron.

1b: Ca vs. Se

• Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 (loses electrons, not gain; octet via losing 2 electrons).
• Selenium (Se) is in Group 16 (has 6 valence electrons, needs \( 8 - 6 = 2 \) electrons to complete octet).
• More electronegative: \( \boldsymbol{\text{Se}} \) (Group 16), needs 2 electrons.

Final Answers (Filling Blanks):

• Electronegativity: attract electrons; stable; gaining
• 1a: O (Group 16) or \( \boldsymbol{\text{F}} \) (Group 17) because it needs \( \boldsymbol{1} \) electron.
• 1b: Ca (Group 2) or \( \boldsymbol{\text{Se}} \) (Group 16) because it needs \( \boldsymbol{2} \) electrons.