mendelian genetics
match each term with the correct definition.

| answer | terms | definitions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | law of dominance | a. alleles for the same trait are separated during meiosis, so that gametes will have one version for each trait. |
| | law of segregation | b. the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene. |
| | law of independent assortment | c. when an organism has two different alleles for a trait, the dominant allele will be expressed, while the recessive allele will be masked. |
| | example of law of dominance | d. when crossing a pea plant that is yellow and round (yyrr) with one that is green and wrinkled (yyrr), the gene for color (yellow/green) does not \stick\ to the gene for shape (round/wrinkled). this allows for new combinations in the offspring, such as green and round seeds. |
| | example of law of segregation | e. a tall pea plant (tt) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt). the offspring (f₁ generation) are all heterozygous (tt) and will be tall, because the tall allele (t) is dominant over the short allele (t). |
| | example of law of independent assortment | f. a pea plant with purple flowers (pp) is heterozygous. according to this law, 50% of its gametes will carry the purple allele (p) and 50% will carry the white allele (p). |

1. having brown hair is dominant to having blonde hair. write the genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring if a heterozygous brunette mom and blonde dad have children.

Question

mendelian genetics
match each term with the correct definition.

| answer | terms | definitions |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | law of dominance | a. alleles for the same trait are separated during meiosis, so that gametes will have one version for each trait. |
|  | law of segregation | b. the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene. |
|  | law of independent assortment | c. when an organism has two different alleles for a trait, the dominant allele will be expressed, while the recessive allele will be masked. |
|  | example of law of dominance | d. when crossing a pea plant that is yellow and round (yyrr) with one that is green and wrinkled (yyrr), the gene for color (yellow/green) does not \stick\ to the gene for shape (round/wrinkled). this allows for new combinations in the offspring, such as green and round seeds. |
|  | example of law of segregation | e. a tall pea plant (tt) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt). the offspring (f₁ generation) are all heterozygous (tt) and will be tall, because the tall allele (t) is dominant over the short allele (t). |
|  | example of law of independent assortment | f. a pea plant with purple flowers (pp) is heterozygous. according to this law, 50% of its gametes will carry the purple allele (p) and 50% will carry the white allele (p). |

1. having brown hair is dominant to having blonde hair. write the genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring if a heterozygous brunette mom and blonde dad have children.

Accepted Answer

### Matching the Terms with Definitions:
1. **Law of Dominance**:
   The Law of Dominance states that when an organism has two different alleles for a trait, the dominant allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is masked. So it matches with **C**.

2. **Law of Segregation**:
   The Law of Segregation explains that alleles for the same trait separate during meiosis, so gametes have one version of each trait. This matches with **A**.

3. **Law of Independent Assortment**:
   The Law of Independent Assortment states that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene. This matches with **B**.

4. **Example of Law of Dominance**:
   The example where a tall (TT) and short (tt) pea plant produce heterozygous (Tt) tall offspring (dominant allele T is expressed) matches with **E**.

5. **Example of Law of Segregation**:
   The example with a heterozygous purple flower (Pp) producing gametes with 50% P and 50% p (alleles segregate) matches with **F**.

6. **Example of Law of Independent Assortment**:
   The example with yellow-round (YYRR) and green-wrinkled (yyrr) pea plants producing new combinations (e.g., green and round) shows independent assortment of genes. This matches with **D**.

### Solving the Hair Color Inheritance Problem (Sub - Question 1):
#### Step 1: Define Alleles
Let $ B $ represent the dominant allele for brown hair, and $ b $ represent the recessive allele for blonde hair.
- Heterozygous brunette mom: Genotype $ Bb $ (phenotype: brown hair).
- Blonde dad: Since blonde is recessive, his genotype must be $ bb $ (phenotype: blonde hair).

#### Step 2: Set Up Punnett Square
The mom ($ Bb $) can produce gametes with alleles $ B $ or $ b $.
The dad ($ bb $) can only produce gametes with allele $ b $.

|       | $ B $ | $ b $ |
|-------|---------|---------|
| $ b $ | $ Bb $ | $ bb $ |
| $ b $ | $ Bb $ | $ bb $ |

#### Step 3: Determine Genotypes and Phenotypes of Offspring
- **Genotype $ Bb $**: Phenotype is brown hair (because $ B $ is dominant over $ b $). From the Punnett square, 2 out of 4 (50%) offspring will have this genotype.
- **Genotype $ bb $**: Phenotype is blonde hair (recessive allele is expressed). From the Punnett square, 2 out of 4 (50%) offspring will have this genotype.

### Final Answers:
- **Term - Definition Matches**:
  Law of Dominance - C; Law of Segregation - A; Law of Independent Assortment - B; Example of Law of Dominance - E; Example of Law of Segregation - F; Example of Law of Independent Assortment - D.

- **Hair Color Inheritance**:
  - Possible genotypes of offspring: $ Bb $ (50%) and $ bb $ (50%).
  - Possible phenotypes of offspring: Brown hair (50%) and blonde hair (50%).

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Matching the Terms with Definitions:

Solving the Hair Color Inheritance Problem (Sub - Question 1):

Step 1: Define Alleles

Step 2: Set Up Punnett Square

Step 3: Determine Genotypes and Phenotypes of Offspring

Final Answers:

Answer: