Question

part 4: analyze and classify
look at each formula below. based on the elements involved, classify the type of bond as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.

compound	elements involved	bond type	draw the bond what happens to the e⁻?
15. h₂o	hydrogen + oxygen	polar covalent
16. co₂	carbon + oxygen	polar covalent
17. f₂	fluorine + fluorine	nonpolar covalent
18. mgo	magnesium + oxygen	ionic	i

Explanation:

Step1: Recall bond - type rules

Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non - metal. Polar covalent bonds form between non - metals with different electronegativities. Nonpolar covalent bonds form between identical non - metals.

Step2: Analyze NaCl

Sodium is a metal and chlorine is a non - metal, so it's an ionic bond. Sodium donates one valence electron to chlorine.

Step3: Analyze H₂O

Hydrogen and oxygen are non - metals. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating a polar covalent bond.

Step4: Analyze CO₂

Carbon and oxygen are non - metals. Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, resulting in polar covalent bonds.

Step5: Analyze F₂

Two fluorine atoms (identical non - metals) share electrons equally, forming a nonpolar covalent bond.

Step6: Analyze MgO

Magnesium is a metal and oxygen is a non - metal, so it's an ionic bond.

Answer:

Compound	Elements Involved	Bond Type	Draw the Bond What happens to the e⁻?
15. H₂O	Hydrogen + Oxygen	Polar covalent	H - O - H; electrons are pulled towards oxygen.
16. CO₂	Carbon + Oxygen	Polar covalent	O = C = O; electrons are pulled towards oxygen.
17. F₂	Fluorine + Fluorine	Nonpolar covalent	F - F; electrons are shared equally.
18. MgO	Magnesium + Oxygen	Ionic	Mg²⁺O²⁻; magnesium donates 2 valence e⁻ to oxygen.