Question

the particulate - level diagram shown above best helps to explain which of the following properties of ionic solids?
a density
b brittleness
c malleability
d conductivity

Explanation:

To determine the property of ionic solids explained by the diagram:

• Option A (Density): Density relates to mass/volume of ions. The diagram shows ion layers and forces, not density. Eliminate A.
• Option B (Brittleness): Ionic solids are brittle. When force is applied, ion layers shift, causing like - charged ions (e.g., + with +, - with -) to align. Like charges repel, breaking the solid—matching the diagram (force causes layer shift, then repulsion).
• Option C (Malleability): Malleable materials (e.g., metals) can be shaped. Ionic solids are brittle, not malleable. The diagram shows breakage, not shaping. Eliminate C.
• Option D (Conductivity): Conductivity needs mobile ions (molten/aqueous). The diagram shows solid ions (layers), not ion mobility. Eliminate D.

Answer:

B. Brittleness